Analizy i próby technik badawczych w socjologii T. 03pod red. Zygmunta Gostkowskiego i Jana Lutyńskiegohttp://hdl.handle.net/11089/27842024-03-28T08:59:01Z2024-03-28T08:59:01ZOd Redakcji (tekst prowadzający do tomu III - Analizy i próby technik badawczych w socjologii)Gostkowski, ZygmuntLutyński, Janhttp://hdl.handle.net/11089/29412018-02-01T11:18:40Z1970-01-01T00:00:00ZOd Redakcji (tekst prowadzający do tomu III - Analizy i próby technik badawczych w socjologii)
Gostkowski, Zygmunt; Lutyński, Jan
1970-01-01T00:00:00ZMetody i techniki badań socjologicznych. Bibliografia prac opublikowanych w Polsce i tłumaczeń autorów polskich za granicą w latach 1945-1968Lutyńska, Krystynahttp://hdl.handle.net/11089/29402018-02-01T11:18:29Z1970-01-01T00:00:00ZMetody i techniki badań socjologicznych. Bibliografia prac opublikowanych w Polsce i tłumaczeń autorów polskich za granicą w latach 1945-1968
Lutyńska, Krystyna
A Bibliography
The bibliography includes books and papers published in 1945-1969, which deal with the methodological problems of empirical research in sociology and especially with procedures and techniques applied in the research. More extensive extracts (chapters) of books concerning methods and research techniques were put as separate items. Articles discussing, these problems, which were published in various socio-cultural periodicals and magazines, were also included.
Works belonging to other social sciences i.e. psychology, pedagogy, social pedagogy, ethnography, even if they deal with the problems of interviews, were excluded.
The bibliography consists of 3 part and 10 sections. The numbering of items is uniform and within the sections authors have been put in alphabetical order. At the end of each section the ordinal numbers of items from other sections but referring to the same problems have been placed.
1970-01-01T00:00:00ZDobór próby udziałowej i role ankieterów w badaniach małej społeczności lokalnejSłomczyński, Kazimierz M.http://hdl.handle.net/11089/29392018-02-01T11:18:39Z1970-01-01T00:00:00ZDobór próby udziałowej i role ankieterów w badaniach małej społeczności lokalnej
Słomczyński, Kazimierz M.
In the paper the author presents selected results of analyses referring to the methods of first contacts with respondents and that behaviour of interviewers which defines their social role during the interview. At the same time it is a collection of certain practical experiences which show the difficulties a sociologist may come across whole he is carrying his research in a small local community.
The study was carried out in 1966 in a town of a small administrative district with 3500 inhabitants. 300 persons aged 18-65 years were interviewed. It was a quota sample with four control variables: sex, age, education and profession. The interviews were made by sociology students from the University of Łódź who were going through their obligatory training period in field study. The paper is based on the interviewers’ reports concerning individual interviews. The reports were written according to precisely formulated instructions containing basic categories of descriptions.
The author has paid particular attention to two problems: The first problem deals with the selection of respondents and coming into contact with them during quota sampling by interviewers who are not acquainted with the members of the community in question. What should be done to avoid addressing persons who do not comply with the requirements of the instruction?
In the paper four methods used in the study are shown.
1. The interviewers did not turn to persons met by chance but to heads of selected households and they learnt from them whether in their families there were persons who complied with the requirements of the instruction (51,7°/o of interviews).
2. Respondents, who were being interviewed, indicated future respondents and helped to come into contact with them – this is a new version of “the chain method” sometimes applied in ethnographical research (25,0% interviews).
3. Help of, regular informants who could supply necessary information about potential respondents (11,9% of interviews).
4. The use of official data dealing with a few narrow socio-professional (occupational) categories (11,4% of interviews).
Efforts were made to find out whether some of the applied methods did not result in a special selection of respondents. It was stated that, when compared with other respondents, those obtained by means of “the chain method” gave longer and fuller answers to several questions in the questionnaire. It is probable that persons who directed interviewers to those respondents informed the latter about the interview which was to take place and its contents. Significant differences in replies indicate, that this method of obtaining respondents should be avoided.
The other problem discussed in the paper refers to the standardization of the social role in which interviewers will address the respondents. Before the study was begun it was decided that the interviewers would introduce themselves as students going through the period of their field study practice. They were to ask the respondents to do them the favour and help to fulfill the duties imposed on the students by university authorities. In the recommended version of the initial talk there were many phrases and idioms which emphasized the “private” character of the research situation. It appeared, however, that in some interviews the interviewers did not closely follow the instructions addressing the respondents in a more official role exposing the official relations more than the personal ones. It happened mostly in those cases when the unofficial role brought about a slightly negligent attitude in the respondents.
When replies received from that group of respondents were compared with other replies, the former showed considerable differences in contents which must be taken into account when the material is analysed.
1970-01-01T00:00:00ZKontrola procesu badawczego w małej społecznościGostkowski, Zygmunthttp://hdl.handle.net/11089/29312018-02-01T11:18:38Z1970-01-01T00:00:00ZKontrola procesu badawczego w małej społeczności
Gostkowski, Zygmunt
The appearance of a team of interviewers among the population of a small community, uncustomed to surveys, may influence the behaviour of respondents. It is probable that rumours about the contents and purpose of interviewing will be circulated reflecting the community’s expectations and anxieties. Depending on the subject matter of such rumours and the speed with which they are disseminated a bias may appear in the answers of a considerable number of respondents in the sample.
To control the rumours about interviewing special arrangements were made in a survey conducted in a small town: 1. several disguised “reconnaissance interviews” were made at the beginning of field work to check whether the population took note of previous pilot interviewing, 2. permanent contacts were sustained with a group of local informants during the whole period of field work, 3. at the end of each interview each respondent was asked informally if he had had any contact with anybody already interviewed and what that person had told him about interviewing.
Using the materials so collected it was found out that: 1. after 11 days of interviewing 42% in the sample had some contact with the rumours, younger persons and those with higher educational attainment having been more susceptible to such a contact, 2. no dominant theme appeared in the rumours; most often (33°/o) they did not contain any specific knowledge about the purpose of interviewing, in spite of interviewers’ informing their respondents that “it was aimed at preparing a study about the living conditions in the community”; the latter theme appeared only very rarely (15°/o), 3. except one question concerning future changes in the community’s living conditions, no statistically significant differences appeared between answers to three chosen questions, given by those who did and did not have any contact with the rumours.
1970-01-01T00:00:00Z