Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica 2005, nr 78http://hdl.handle.net/11089/136852024-03-28T12:54:23Z2024-03-28T12:54:23ZUdział Wincentego Rzymowskiego w początkach działalności ONZ (1945-1946)Chmielewska, Lucynahttp://hdl.handle.net/11089/137332018-02-01T11:19:52Z2005-01-01T00:00:00ZUdział Wincentego Rzymowskiego w początkach działalności ONZ (1945-1946)
Chmielewska, Lucyna
Wincenty Rzymowski fungierte als den Außenminister (2 V 1945-5 II 1947) während des
Beginnes der Funktion von Organisation der Vereinten Nationen. Es wird in diesem Artikel
über den Anschluss Polens an Organisation der Vereinten Nationen und über die Rolle von
Rzymowski dort gesprochen. Der polnische Außenminister Wincenty Rzymowski schrieb die
UNO - Charta am 16. Oktober 1945 unter und nahm an dem ersten und zweiter: Teil der
ersten Session der Allgemeinen Ansammlung von Organisation der Vereinten Nationen in
London und in New York 1946 teil. Der Besuch von Rzymowski in Vereinigte Staaten und
in Großbritannien 1945-1946 wurde von der Presse der polnischen Exilregierung sehr scharf
kommentiert. Es wurde die Äußerungen von Rzymowski und seine Verhaltensweise in
„Dziennik Polski i Dziennik Żołnierza” viel und kritisch beschrieben.
2005-01-01T00:00:00ZKomitet do Spraw Szlachty Zagrodowej na Wschodzie Polski 1938-1939Kacprzak, Michałhttp://hdl.handle.net/11089/137322018-02-01T11:19:52Z2005-01-01T00:00:00ZKomitet do Spraw Szlachty Zagrodowej na Wschodzie Polski 1938-1939
Kacprzak, Michał
One of the results of long standing annexations was liquidation of the whole social
stratum which nobility had presented before partitions. The first actions to make the
descendants of the former nobility become the Poles took place in 1934. In north-eastern
terrains the actions took place later and in a different way.
The action of the recapturing of nobility was begun in turczański administrative unit,
and it was spread on the eastern province in southern Poland and Wołyń. The noble youth
were led to special military units. A periodical tilled ‘Wake up’ was started to distribute to
backwaters. The organizing of the circles of nobility, common rooms, cooperatives, agricultural
was started as well.
The Secretariat of Polish Social Organizations was responsible for the coordination of
the actions. On behalf of Polish Social Organizations the action was taken by the Company
of the Development of Eastern Lands. But with time the problem became so much momentous
that in November 1937, during the special conference organized by Ministry of Military
Affairs, representatives of ministries, institutions and army decided to appoint interministerial
Nobility’s Affairs Committee.
But instead of it on 25lh February 1938 Nobility’s Affairs Committee was appointed within
the Company of the Development of Eastern Lands. The activity of the committee was run
in lour sections: scientific, propaganda, economic and financial. The committee was patronizing
to the actions of Nobility Union which numbered about six hundred and thirty of circles
and fifty thousand of members in 1939. The scientific section fulfilled a crucial role in the
workings of the committee. Work was due to be run as a national activity, not political and
adjusted to the local conditions and coordinated with the whole of Polish work in the East.
2005-01-01T00:00:00ZPolityka agrarna rządu Władysława Grabskiego w latach 1923-1925Chylak, Karolhttp://hdl.handle.net/11089/137312018-02-01T11:19:41Z2005-01-01T00:00:00ZPolityka agrarna rządu Władysława Grabskiego w latach 1923-1925
Chylak, Karol
After the First World War the Republic of Poland was an agricultural country where
almost 2/3 of the population of a country was cultivating. This agrarian structure, with dwarf
farms, was not very profitable, because it did not give maintenance to its owner, and it had
no prospects of development for the future. The most important issues were the remains of
archaic ways of farming such as patchwork and land communities.
Poland was not raised from the dead yet when the issue of the agrarian reforms divided
politicians into two hostile camps. This state of the situation had disastrous influence on
reformist conceptions because some parties had more and more radical watchwords and the
other ones were falling into extreme conservatism. As a result of such conduct there was the
establishment of agrarian relations. On 10th July, 1919 the Seym (the lower house of the
Polish Parliament) adopted a resolution concerning the agricultural reform and on 15th July,
1920 following it a bill, which were both the result of the compromise. None of political
options was satisfied of that bill, so nobody cared deeply about the realization of the bill.
Władysław Grabski did not have to be concerned about the demands of the agricultural
reform which were becoming more and more radical. The tension round the issue was his
own fault, the consequence of the adoption of the tactic to find support in the Seym. The
Prime Minister did not have any uniform, reformist manifesto. He was selecting his associates
on the basis of the profit or the loss of votes in Parliament, not taking the realization of
the bill into consideration. In the first half ol 1924, when the highest positions were taken
by the people of the Right, Władysław Grabski was realizing the conception of the transformation
of the agrarian structure using economic stimuli. Bigger properties were due to be taxed. At
the same time some preparations were made to introduce State Agricultural Bank whose aim was to help in integrating of farmlands. To meet with support in Parliament Władysław
Grabski resigned as Minister of Agricultural Reforms. W. Kopczyński, the candidate of the
Polish Peasant Party „Liberation" was Władysław Grabski’s successor. It was unavoidable to
introduce the issue of the agricultural reform in forum of the Seym where politics were more
important than sober thinking. It was failure of reforms connected with the Polish country
because politics once again won with a Polish raison d’etat.
2005-01-01T00:00:00ZPrzesłanki wizyty prezydenta Stanów Zjednoczonych Richarda Nixona w Moskwie w dniach 22-30 maja 1972 rokuPorczyńska, Annahttp://hdl.handle.net/11089/137302018-02-01T11:19:59Z2005-01-01T00:00:00ZPrzesłanki wizyty prezydenta Stanów Zjednoczonych Richarda Nixona w Moskwie w dniach 22-30 maja 1972 roku
Porczyńska, Anna
The Policy of Peaceful Competition realized by President of the United Stales Richard
Nixon on the turn of 1960s and 1970s resulted in the peaceful dialogue between the United
States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics concerning disarmament. The
circumstances of the summit talks in Moscow were: the inclination to consolidation of
international security and peace propagated by the Eastern European Socialdemocratics in the
conception of disengagement and conception of the peaceful coexistence of slates which have
different social systems restored during the 20th and 22nd Congress of Communist Party of
the USSR. Agreements about the fragmentary limitations of nuclear armaments were the proof
of these conceptions on the turn of 1960s and 1970s. The other circumstances were: fiasco
of the American policy in Wietnam and tense relations between Moscow and Peking, which were permitted The Nixon Administration to take the advantage of that rapprochement with
the People’s Republic of China to establish a dialogue with the USSR. The encouragement
to bcgining a dialogue was A Peaceful Programme, which Brezniev announced of the turn of
March and April 1972 concerning a new foreign policy of the USSR to detente between East
and West. The fundamental circumstance of the summit talks in Moscow was the acknowledgement
by the United States and the USSR, at the end of 1960s, that nuclear parity
exsisted, which was linked with continual expenses for armaments and new technology of
armaments by both powers. Moreover, the leaders of the USSR wanted to sign the economic
agreement with the United States which would allow to avoid disastrous economic situation
in the USSR. One should add the efficient control of the realization of the agreements
accepted by the states in the field of disarmament which was possible due to using the national
technical control measures. All these circumstances resulted in the visit of the President of
the United Stales in Moscow in May 1972 and it initiated signing the agreements of limitation
of strategic armaments, scientific, technical and cultural cooperation between both superpowers.
2005-01-01T00:00:00Z