Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica 1984, nr 19http://hdl.handle.net/11089/142122024-03-28T22:13:03Z2024-03-28T22:13:03ZZ problemów odbudowy i rozwoju przemysłu włókienniczego w Polsce Ludowej (do 1960 r.)Bojanowski, Tadeuszhttp://hdl.handle.net/11089/143562018-02-01T11:20:03Z1984-01-01T00:00:00ZZ problemów odbudowy i rozwoju przemysłu włókienniczego w Polsce Ludowej (do 1960 r.)
Bojanowski, Tadeusz
Pendant la II-ème Guerre mondiale l'industrie textile dans le territoire polonais
fut détruite dans 35%. Cependant, comme dans les territoires de l'Ouest et du
Nord annexés à la Pologne la production textile était bien développée, le potentiel
global de production de l'industrie tex tile en 1945 n'était pais moins, élevé que
celui de 1939. Dans les années 1945—1946 et pendant la réalisation du plan triennal,
on se concentrait avant tout sur la reconstruction des usines textiles détruites
totalement ou en partie. Grâce au travail dévoué des ouvriers et des cadres techniques
le niveau de production d’avant guerre fut dépassé déjà en 1948. Dans les
années du plan sexennal (1950—1955) et du premier plan quinquennal (1956—1960)
quelques grands investissements furent réalisés, avant tout dans la branche du
coton. Dès 1958 on procéda, sur une grande échelie à la modernisation du parc
v ieilli de machines. Par suite de reconstruction, d'extension et de construction de
nouveaux établissements ainsi que d'introduction sur une plus grande échelie du
travail de deux ou trois relèves, le nombre des occupés augmenta considérablement.
150 000 personnes travaillaient dans l'industrie textile vers la fin de 1945;
leur nombre augmenta à 370 000 vers la fin de 1960. Au plus haut dégré s'éleva en
ce temps-là la production textile. Si l'indicateur du niveau de la production en
1946 égale 100, celui de la production globale en 1960 atteint le chiffre de 570,4.
1984-01-01T00:00:00ZZ badań nad działalnością teatru obozowego w Arswalde 1940-1941 i Woldenbergu 1941—1945Boruń-Stelmaszczyk, Annahttp://hdl.handle.net/11089/143552018-02-01T11:20:04Z1984-01-01T00:00:00ZZ badań nad działalnością teatru obozowego w Arswalde 1940-1941 i Woldenbergu 1941—1945
Boruń-Stelmaszczyk, Anna
This article describes a fragment of studies on activités of camp theatres at
Arswald and Woldenberg between 1940— 1945. It starts with a short characteristic
of the repertoire, founders of the theatres, actors, and audience. The camp theatre
was established and run exclusively by prisoners of war, and it had a definite
soldier-audience. This exerted an influence on its repertoire and determined its
function among the camp community. The analysis encompasises the texts of Stefan
Flukowski (1902— 1972) written at Arswald and Woldenberg in the years 1940—1945
for the local theatrical stage. In these works of special interest is application of the
symbol by the author. The symbol was holding a specific place in the creative
work of camp theatres. There were introduced these symbols on the sta g e the
materialization of which included the contents being most valid for the camp
community. These were national symbols: Wawel Castle, King Sisigmund's Bell,
knights' ensigns so valuable for a soldier-prisoner as well as symbols linked with
the camp life and the personal situation of prisoners. The problems of captivity
and confinement on a relatively small area of several thousand men were of the
utmost significance here. This fact caused that some subjects became an obsession
with prisoners e.g. problem of love, woman, longing, need of fulfilment as a man
or of finding confirmation for oneself. The theatre moving all the se problems on
the stage was performing a cathartic function in relation to spectators. It was the
only place where a spectator was getting involved in these emotions and this
experience, which he could not express or respond to otherwise because of the
censorship and specifics of the camp community. It was purifying the psyche of
spectators, raising their spirits, and giving a hope for survival.
1984-01-01T00:00:00ZKształtowanie się i charakter polskiego ruchu politycznego na Węgrzech w latach 1939—1941Lagzi, Istvânhttp://hdl.handle.net/11089/143542018-02-01T11:19:53Z1984-01-01T00:00:00ZKształtowanie się i charakter polskiego ruchu politycznego na Węgrzech w latach 1939—1941
Lagzi, Istvân
The total number of the Polish immigrants in Hungary in 1939 amounted to
about 60,000. A part of them returned to the occupied Poland while over 30,000
made their way to the West to join the allied forces. There remained about 15,000
interned Poles who enjoyed protection of the government authorities and the
society. The author has analyzed a subject little known and one which has rec eiv ed
little attention of the researchers, and namely development of the political life
among refugees and its impact upon the Hungarian resistance movement and antifascist
orientation of the society. Among the sources of information used by the
author were official documents of the Ministry of Honveds in the Military Historical
Archives and the Ministry of Internal Affairs. He also studied the national press,
publications and interviewed the Poles permanently settled in Hungary. Unfortunately
he was unable to utilize the archival materials stored in W. Sikorski
Institute in London. This rich material allowed the author to reconstruct the main
political groups and orientations their relations with the Hungarian population, and
political reorientations taking place along with new developments. All political
groupings followed the policy lines adopted by the Polish government in London.
However, also there a dissent appeared between supporters of the "sanacja" system
and those supporting Sikorski's government. After the outbreak of the war between
Germany and the Soviet Union an antifascist trend was enhanced accompanied by
growing friendly disposition towards the Soviet Union. A sizeable portion of the
work is devoted by the author to methods of political activity and agitation in
refugee camps in coroperation with Paris, later on with London and the Polish
resistance movement. The government authorities feared, first of all, communist
agitation and they counteracted its spreading. A developed network of Polish political
groupings made it possible to establish a secret agency of the London government
in Hungary, the personnel composition and activity of which are discussed
by the author on the basis of archival materials. Finally, the author presents the
attempts made by the then government authorities to curb development of the
secret movement with simultaneous preservation of a tolerant attitude. The Polish
refugees, understanding a difficult position of the Hungarian authorities, avaided
all conflicts and actions against the law.
1984-01-01T00:00:00ZPodlaska i Suwalska Brygada Kawalerii w walkach o wyjście z okrążenia niemieckiego we wrześniu 1939 r.Kozłowski, Włodzimierzhttp://hdl.handle.net/11089/143532018-02-01T11:19:54Z1984-01-01T00:00:00ZPodlaska i Suwalska Brygada Kawalerii w walkach o wyjście z okrążenia niemieckiego we wrześniu 1939 r.
Kozłowski, Włodzimierz
The Independent Operational Group „Narew" was established when in March
19Э9 the military threat of Third Reich became тюте pronounced. Its task was to
defend the Narew-Biebrza line in order to protect the eastern wing of the army
„Moidlin" and the railway track Warszawa—Grodno. Defeat on the front line, and
thus on the Narew river led to retreat of the group. Its 18th infantry division was
defeated by the prevailing enemy forces, while the cavalry — despite big losses —
broke through to the East and reached later General Franciszek Kleeberg's troops
ending its combat operations on October 5, 1939 near Kock.
1984-01-01T00:00:00Z