http://hdl.handle.net/11089/14570 2026-04-06T22:46:44Z 2026-04-06T22:46:44Z Wolińska, Teresa http://hdl.handle.net/11089/14621 2021-08-03T07:07:12Z 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z

Spór o tytuł patriarchy ekumenicznego pomiędzy papieżem Grzegorzem Wielkim a biskupami Konstantynopola w świetle walki o prymat w Kościele powszechnym Wolińska, Teresa A quarrel about the title „ecumenical patriarch” was inseparably connected with struggle for primacy in Universal Church. This struggle was first started between Rome and Alexandria but in the middle of Vth century the most important rival of Rome became Constantinopie. The groving position of Constantinople’s bishop was caused by the fact that his city became in the begining of IVth century the capital of the empire. So, it was in the emperors’ interest to give to the bishop of their capital the same rights as those of the bishops of Old Rome. The groving importance and authority of Constantinople’s bishops resulted from new needs and natural evolution so, it was easily accepted in the Eastern part of the empire. It was confirmed both by the dedssions of the two ecumenical councils (Constantinople - 381 and Chalcedon - 451) and by emperors’ legislation. Hence, the bishops of Constantinople became the most important in the East. Popes opposed the groving authority of their rivals in Constantinople. They started to question the rule which connected closely the rank of the bishopric with the political importence of the city in which it was situated. They created and explicated the theory of apostolic origin of only 3 bishoprics - Rome, Alexandria and Antioch which were in their opinion the only autentic Patriarchats. Popes started to act as St. Peter’s succesores and tried to get independence from secular authorities. In spite of the efforts undertaken by them the importance of bishops of Constantinople was still groving. Rome’s rights to interfere with Eastern patriarchates were repudiated by them. They rejected the aspirations of popes to control the Church. That was the source of the quaxrel concerning the title „ecumenical patriarch” .

1993-01-01T00:00:00Z Kokoszko, Maciej http://hdl.handle.net/11089/14620 2021-07-05T09:14:25Z 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z

Portret Augusta u Malalasa Kokoszko, Maciej John Malalas was one of the most famous Byzantine chroniclers. He was bom in Antioch in the 90s of the Vth and died in the 70s of the VIth century, in Constantinopole. He inserted into the work a series of literary portraits referring to emminent personages. The descriptions are deeply rooted in the Greek and Roman literary tradition. There is an easily discernible chain of renowned Greek and Roman authors who predcessed Malalas in the field. The art of description in antiquity was extensively influenced by the science of physiognomies. Consequently, vast majority of literary portraits we encounter in the ancient times bear visible signs of physiognomical impact. The authors dealing with the subject of physiognomies are Aristotle, Plato, Cicero, Vitruvius, Lucian, Dio Chrysostomus, Galen, Clements, Tertuliian and numerous others. They make up a link between antiquity and Byzantine times. Through them the knowledge of physiohnomics infiltrated the work by Malalas. The aim of the writer (on the basis of physiognomical analysis) was to chracterise the emperor Augustus. The image proves to be very favourable. The general aim of the chronographer was to corroborate the image of imperial power by means of physiognomical lore. Additionally, the description is very close to the image provided by other sources (both literary and iconographie).

1993-01-01T00:00:00Z Dąbrowska, Małgorzata http://hdl.handle.net/11089/14615 2021-06-22T09:35:43Z 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z

Francja i Bizancjum w okresie wielkiej schizmy zachodniej Dąbrowska, Małgorzata Dans l’article on compare le contenu de la chronique de Saint-Denis avec les sources grecques au sujet de la visite de Manuel II à Paris. Trois chroniquers: Doucas, Sphrantzes et Chalcocondyles transmirent peu de renseignements. Leurs relations contiennent l'image d’un fou roi de France, vaincu par une maladie, qui ne put aucunement prêter son aide à Byzance. L’auteur compare ces textes avec ceux de l’empereur écrits à Paris et présentant une bonne image de Charles VI. L’auteur juxtapose les attitudes religieuses de Manuel Paléologue et Charles VI en constatant que les circonstances politiques étaient particulièrement favorables à l'empereur. Grace à elles disparut la mise en danger de son autorité orthodoxe afin d’obtenir l’aide militaire de la France au prix des négociations concernant l’union ecclésiastique.

1993-01-01T00:00:00Z Leszka, Mirosław J. http://hdl.handle.net/11089/14614 2022-01-04T12:00:09Z 1993-01-01T00:00:00Z

Legalizacja władzy uzurpatorów we wczesnym Bizancjum Leszka, Mirosław J. The article is devoted to the problem of legalization of usurpers’ power in Byzantium in IV-VI centuries. Action which usurpers took to fight for power was presented in the first part. As a rule pretenders to the throne relied on the army, they also tried to gain a support of inhabitans of Constantinople if the usurpation took place in the capital or of people of that part of the country where the riot started. The elements of legalization process of usurpers’ power are analysed in the second part. The usurpers tried to fulfil the requirements of the election procedure and they were: proclamation by the army, recognition by the senate and people of Constantinople, coronation. It was the model of electing the emperor in the period of interregnum. Occasionally the acceptance of the legal ruler for own promotion was tried to be obtained what, in the light of the constitutional practice, should be the essential element of the process of legalization of power. Sometimes the person of the empress was used for that aim as in the case of usurpation of Leontius. When they didn’t want or couldn’t obtain the emperor’s acceptance for their own promotion they had to defeat him in a fight. The victory caused that the usurper became a legal ruler still after fulfilling the formal requirements which he couldn’t do earlier.

1993-01-01T00:00:00Z