http://hdl.handle.net/11089/5645 2026-04-06T17:19:51Z 2026-04-06T17:19:51Z Wesołek, Przemysław http://hdl.handle.net/11089/7809 2018-02-01T11:18:06Z 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z

Dwór Roliczów Parzęczewskich w Parzęczewie, gmina loco, województwo łódzkie, w świetle badań 1988 roku Wesołek, Przemysław The results of research on the mound (relics of fortified manor house) in Parzęczew, voi. Łódź, are discussed in this article. Works taken in 1988 should be treated as a part of the studies of lay defensive architecture of Łęczyca region in the late medieval and modern period. Their first stage was finished in 1980 by publishing a book by L. Kajzer. Parzęczew is a village laying 25 km north-west from Łódź. In the Middle Ages and modern period it was a small town (town rights in 1421), private property of the Rola Parzęczewski family and the centre of its estate consisting of few villages. The Rola Parzęczewski was a noble and prominent family in Łęczyca district from the end of 14th to the second half of the 16th century. For four generations (1358-1482) people deriving from this family were holding numerous posts in Łęczyca region, although their rank were never high in official hierarchy. In this period Wojciech Parzęczewski was the most eminent and enterprising representative of the family, the one who brought the Parzęczewskis’ fortune to the flowering. The last well known Parzęczewski was Zygmunt, Inowłódz castellan (1538) and Łęczyca castellan (1545). Due to his effort Parzęczew took a reconfirmation of its town rights in 1539. Research that were carried out in Parzęczew in 1988 concerned relics of Parzęczewskis’ manor house which is the mound in the lowering of the river Onida. The object was mentioned in historical sources one time only, during a partition of the family estate in 1450 ("ad fortalido et ad fossae"). The results of this research (which had only sounding and verifying character) are as followed: the recognition of layer stratification inside the mound, confirmation of two phases building, verification of chronology of the whole site. In the first phase (dated broadly to the 15th century) a manor house located on a small, natural islet was built. Nothing can be told about the form of this house, either its fortifications (investigations did not confirm a presence of the moat mentioned in the historical source). However this foundation might be connected with above-mentioned Wojciech. In the second phase (second half of the 16th to half of the 17th century) a conical, 4 m high, mound had been formed on the same place and then a manor house was built. There is scarce evidence to talk about this construction, as well. The manor house was no longer than 10 m. It was constructed as a frame building. It had no cellar. Although during this time Parzęczew had few owners, we may consider the fortified manor house on the mound with Zygmunt Parzęczewski. The general result of the research in Parzęczew showed that construction of a manor house on the mound did not always correspond with time of the family highest prosperity.

1997-01-01T00:00:00Z Andrzejewski, Aleksander Pietrzak, Janusz http://hdl.handle.net/11089/7808 2021-06-21T08:34:20Z 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z

Nowożytna „fortalicja” w Gorzkowicach, gmina loco, województwo piotrkowskie Andrzejewski, Aleksander; Pietrzak, Janusz Site I in Gorzkowie, Piotrków voivodeship, the so-called fortalicium is situated on the south-east of the village, on the left bank of the river Prutka. The object was formed by digging a 7 m high and 10 m deep moat which cut off a natural hummock spreading out along the river from the rest of terrain. As a result of this action a rectangle of 110 m x 70 m was shaped. In the north of the object there is a hollow, 40 m wide wedging it into 30 m. Altogether there were 29 excavations within the area of 350 m2 and the cubature of 300 m3 was digged out. Moreover 100 bores (sorted out in seven strings) were made by a geological drill. The excavations situated in a plateau of the object resulted in a negative out-come i.e. layers associated with the use of it were not found. In the excavations located in the hollow (in the north of the object) relics of wall foundations and their negatives were revealed. The remains of a building of 27 m x 12,5 m were uncovered. It had presumably a military function. Little of archeological materials was found and the overwhelming majority comes from the modern period or even present times. The object in Gorzkowice is regarded as an unfinished plan of the so-called palazzo in fortezza which was being built in the first half of 17th century and was soon interrupted by the Swedish wars. Therefore the foundation that had been planed there were never realized. Moreover, the masonry object which had already been built fell into pieces.

1997-01-01T00:00:00Z Kapusta, Elżbieta http://hdl.handle.net/11089/7802 2018-02-01T11:18:06Z 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z

Ceramika naczyniowa z zamku w Brześciu Kujawskim na tle specyfiki późnośredniowiecznej i nowożytnej ceramiki kujawskiej Kapusta, Elżbieta Although the archaeological and architectonic works were carried out in Brześć Kujawski castle from 1989-1992, vessel ceramics from the first season of excavations (2174 fragments) only is the subject of this article. Changes in the picture of the late mediaeval and early modern vessel pottery articles is shown by Brześć assemblage which was the subject of technological anf formal analysis. The basis of the assemblage are sherds fired in the reduced atmosphere (82,06%). Elements characteristic to the end of early mediaeval period outlive there (16,61%). Fragments of vessels fired in advanced oxidizing atmosphere, glazed vessels and the ones covered by painting or slip are the trace part (1,33%). The rythm of changes of technological group corresponds directly with assemblages from Raciążek and Radziejów castles and specifies the northern zone of the late mediaeval and modern Kujawy ceramics. The formal feature of the collection from Brześć, makes it close to the various assemblages from Kujawy, particularly to the one from Franciscan cloister in Inowrocław. During the excavation in 1989, 3 fragments of the so-called hussitic sherds were found. They are dated (by stratification) to the second half of the 16th century and have a local provenance. They have their counterparts to other kind of these founds known from Kujawy region. The collection from Brześć Kujawski dated back from half of the 14th century to the half of the 17th century (which limits the time of the fundation of the castle structure and its abandonment after the Swedish invasion).

1997-01-01T00:00:00Z Ćwiertak, Edward http://hdl.handle.net/11089/7800 2018-02-01T11:18:09Z 1997-01-01T00:00:00Z

Murowany dwór obronny z XVI wieku w Kazanowie Starym, gmina Końskie, województwo kieleckie Ćwiertak, Edward In 1982 and 1985 excavations by a group of searchers from the Provincial Center of Archaeology and Preservation in Kielce took place in the village of Kazanów Stary. A hillock (c. 2,5 m high, c. 25 m diameter) hiding relics of the fortified manor house was explored. In the first season of excavation three ditches on the south and the north of the foundation were dug out, and in 1985 four others covering the rest of territory of the hillock (Fig. 2). The works carried out there gave the full plan of the manor house together with an adjacent court. The whole foundation i.e. the manor house and the court surrounded by a stone wall, occupying area of 26 x 16 m was situated on the north-south axis. The house of a lord had three turrets in its south-west, north-west and north-east comers. The court adjoined the house from the north. The main gate was located on the north curtain of the court wall. A configuration of terrain suggests that the foundation was surrounded by a wet moat of 10-15 m width. However, surveys did not answer the question whether the moat ringed the place from all sides. In the groups of materials fragments of ceramics compose the overwhelming majority (79,4%). Then, there goes glass (14,3%), fragments of iron specimens (2,9%), fragments of animal bones (3,1%). The group of ceramics consists of 499 fragments of vessels and 56 fragments of stove tiles. Only 2 pieces of vessels might date back to the Middle Ages while the others represent features typical for modern ceramics. Therefore, the group of vessels may date from the half of 16th to the 2 nd half of 17th century (Plate I). The stove tiles represented at most by the plate type have presumably the same datation. In the group of iron specimens a finding of a cross-bow butt is worth noting. The manor house in Kazanów Stary is a realisation of the ideological program of „a house of a lord” which developed in 16th century. The object unites a typical plan of a dwelling house with a function of protecting dwellers from an attack. The lack of archival information about the manor house makes time of its construction questionable. In this case it can be qualified by archaeological and geneological materials. In the light of this sources the foundation may have been built between 1540-1550 by Marcin Kazanowski (1523-1587). The seat of the Kazanowski family lost its importance during the life-time of Zygmunt (1563-1634) and from the turn of 17th and 18th century up to the present days it has been successively devastated and ruined.

1997-01-01T00:00:00Z