PRACE ZESPOŁU NAUKOWO-BADAWCZEGO DEMOGRAFII I ZATRUDNIENIA http://hdl.handle.net/11089/6179 2026-04-04T20:14:26Z 2026-04-04T20:14:26Z Ogbonna, Michel N. http://hdl.handle.net/11089/6218 2018-02-01T11:17:36Z 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z

Dwie dekady planowania gospodarczego w Nigerii 1962-1985 - konieczność reorientacji filozoficznej i perspektywicznej Ogbonna, Michel N. The article analyzes the economic performance of Nigeria during the last two decades In the light of four five-year plans launched and implemented over this time. It contains a critical evaluation of a largely insignificant contribution of the Nigerian planning to the ensuring of a self-sustained growth of national economy. The author has also performed a comparison of three concepts of planning as adopted in the developed market economies, centrally-planned economies, and mixed economies (e.g. Nigeria). Implementation of the four national development plans is discussed, and the main attention focussed on agriculture and industrialization with the main causes of failures indicated and remedies suggested. A separate part of the article is devoted to the import substitution industrialization strategy, which is criticized by the author. According to him, the most advisable strategy for Nigerian socio-economic development would be a strategy based on development of small-scales industries. The critical evaluation of the past history of national planning in Nigeria leads the author to conclude that it is high time a new philosophy and perspective in planning were introduced The author tends to believe that perhaps the best solution for Nigeria would be adoption of a modified socialist development orientation and centralized national planning.

1988-01-01T00:00:00Z Mortimer-Szymczak, Halina Florczak-Bywalec, Jadwiga http://hdl.handle.net/11089/6217 2018-02-01T11:17:32Z 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z

Praca i kwalifikacje kobiet w Polsce Mortimer-Szymczak, Halina; Florczak-Bywalec, Jadwiga The article discusses problems connected with women's professional employment, with a special attention being focussed on their qualifications. In its introduc t ion, there is roughly outlined the position held by women in the social and economic life of Poland, which is shown as a result of political and social transformations. Changes in professional activity rates and structure of women's employment are shown next, and more emphasisis placed on changes in feminization of employment according to particular sectors of the national economy and occupations. This i s followed by analysis of factors behind women's professional activation . The final part of the article is devoted to description of problems accompanying profession al employment of women in agglomeration of Lodz, where the share of women in the work force is among the highest in Poland.

1988-01-01T00:00:00Z Kryńska, Elżbieta http://hdl.handle.net/11089/6216 2018-02-01T11:17:34Z 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z

Funkcjonowanie regionalnego rynku pracy (wynik i badań w województwie miejskim łódzkim) Kryńska, Elżbieta The article presents results of the studies concerning the functining of the regional labour market. The aim of these studies was to determine dynamic interrelationships occurring between labour supply and demand on the regional labour market. The object of the studies was the urban administrative province of Łódź, and they encompassed the period between 1976 and 1982. Appearance of acute symptoms of the economic, social and political crisis, activities undertaken to reform the national economy and other factors caused major changes on the labour market during this period. The studies were conducted by means of two different methods. For analysis of the 1976-1980 period there were applied models of changeability over time describing particular phenomena on the labour market, while for the years 1981-1982 there were used indices of irregularity. Equilibrium on the labour market of the administrative province of Łódź was assessed by means of measures applied by those dealing with the problem in theory and practice. The model of developmental trends in employment in this province for the years 1970-1980 was built. Similarly to the models of changeability over time of phenomena on the labour market, the parameters of this model were estimated using the method of least squares. Application of certain methods used in studies on mass phenomena for analys is of the functioning of the regional labour market became a prerequisite for formulation of conclusions of methodological character concerning their applicability for analysis of processes occurring on the regional labour market. This became the second –minor aim of the analysis. There are also discussed in this article the factors determining the level of demand and supply of labour in the period under study and presented conclusions derived on the basis of the performer analysis.

1988-01-01T00:00:00Z Mortimer-Szymczak, Halina http://hdl.handle.net/11089/6215 2018-02-01T11:17:34Z 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z

Pozycja społeczno-zawodowa kobiet z wyższym wykształceniem (ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem warunków polskich) Mortimer-Szymczak, Halina The present paper was presented at the International Seminar organized by the Swedish National Board of Universities and Colleges in conjunction with the UNESCO European Centre for Higher Education with the support of the Swedish Ministries of Education and of Labour, held in Uppsala, Sweden between 16th and 18th September. The paper discusses the impact of progress in science and technique on the socio-professional position of women. It is based on the analysis of the process of professional activation of women, their educational background, employment and qualifications. The statistical data have been collected from the official Polish statistical publications. The position of women in Poland's socio-political 1ife is a result of political and social transformations witnessed in Poland during the last 40 years. Analysis of dynamics of women's employment in the socialized economy shows that it was twice faster than dynamics of men’s employment. There are listed factor s promoting rapid professional activation, pointed out sectors of the economy undergoing constant feminization (i.e. the sectors in which women account for over 50 per cent of total work force), with a marked improvement in womens educational background being t reated as a factor contributing to higher rates of their professional activity. Special attention has been focussed on problems of professional promotion of women with academic background, anti on presentation of the educational system in Poland along with the system of promotions in the sphere of academic education in Poland. There are also described difficulties encountered by young women, especially during their maternity. An increase in the share of women in the academic education system caused that they represented ca.40 per cent of assistants in the years 1980-1984, ca. 37 per cent of senior assistants, and ca. 33 per cent of tutors. Meanwhile, women accounted for 18 per cent of all assistant professors ca. 14 per cent of associate professors, and only 7 per cent of full professors. And although these shares may not satisfy women themselves, it should be stated that they reflect a tremendous progress in this field. This trend has every indication of being maintained in the future as well. Along with socio-economic stabilization, the number and proportion of women among academic teachers can be expected to grow. We do not try to boost feminization of the occupation of an academic teacher, but we wish to state that women are fully prepared intellectually to perform equal work with men in this very difficult and ambitious occupation. Ways of promotion in science must be uniform and independent of sex. Selection in science results from natural laws ruling this occupation. It is inadmissible, however, to discriminate women and hamper their already difficult road to promotion. Instances of discrimination are recorded in all states, and their elimination is not an easy task, which can be accomplished only in the long run.

1988-01-01T00:00:00Z