EKONOMIA POLITYCZNA http://hdl.handle.net/11089/6595 2026-04-05T07:05:35Z 2026-04-05T07:05:35Z Bieńkowski, Andrzej Łyczek, Wiesław Puliński, Włodzimierz http://hdl.handle.net/11089/6609 2018-02-01T11:17:49Z 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z

Państwowy sektor rolny w warunkach funkcjonowania reformy gospodarczej Bieńkowski, Andrzej; Łyczek, Wiesław; Puliński, Włodzimierz An attempt at remodelling the economic-financial system binding state agricultural farms was made in mid-1981. The system of commands and centralized allocation of supplies used for many years had proved to be poorly effective, hampering increase in efficiency, and promoting involvement of disproportionately high inputs in relation to obtained production effects. The operation of this system had shown many negative phenomena reflecting negatively on conditions and effects of activity of state agricultural farms. Thus, it is no wonder that the system has become an object of strong criticism on the part of specialists and the general public in the late seventies. The response and the expression of reformatory tendencies in the economic sphere was an attempt aiming at basing the operation of these farms on new principles undertaken as from July 1, 1981. The main principles under lying the new economic-financial system of state agricultural farms were autonomy, self-financing of their entire economic activity, and self-management of employees. The system introduced a principle that state agricultural enterprises shape their organization, directions and structure of production, and plan their economic-financial operations in a fully autonomous way. The very essence of the agrarian issue in Poland, organizational prerequisites of the state sector functioning, instruments of controlling economic processes in this sector , as well as the motivation system have become an object of analysis and critical evaluation based on the authors' own studies and the literature of the subject.

1988-01-01T00:00:00Z Bensch, Alfred http://hdl.handle.net/11089/6607 2018-02-01T11:17:43Z 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z

Zasady ustalania cen nowych, ulepszonych wyrobów i ich znaczenie w systemie miernikowo-bodźcowym przedsiębiorstw przemysłowych w NRD Bensch, Alfred Proceeding from an assumption that the price system combined with the system of measures, finance and incentives determine the behaviour of enterprises in relation to the scientific-technical progress, and especially production and introduction of new, improved products with lower production costs and a higher utility in their consumption, the author criticizes the cost formula for fixing the prices of these products. The analys is has been based on concrete examples taken from the practice. Its further partis devoted to presentation of assumptions and principles of the effectiveness method with participation of the producer of such new and improved products in benefits f lowing from increase in their social utility value. There is quoted a definite example of fixing prices by means of this method in two variants, i.e . when a new product is better and simultaneously cheaper from the base product , and when it is better but also more expensive in comparison with its equivalent, with increase initsutility value being higher than increase in its price. After presentation of advantages of th is method, the author discusses conditions of its effective application including e.g. the present level of prices for base products, appropriate choice of their equivalents , determination of the utility value of improved products, al lowances made for the level of warld prices, and others.

1988-01-01T00:00:00Z Bauc, Jarosław http://hdl.handle.net/11089/6606 2018-02-01T11:17:49Z 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z

Cykliczne następstwo faz rozwoju gospodarczego PRL. Ujęcie modelowe Bauc, Jarosław The article is focussed on the so-called traditional system of functioning of the socialist economy discussed against the background of data concerning the Polish economy. The performed analysis of empiric al data about Poland's economic development over the years 1950-1980 has al lowed to determine the elements which behaved in a very specific way in the period under study. Division of the analyzed three decades into particular phases, according to trends in the shares of production investments in the national income, reveals that other magnitudes, and primarily growth rate of capital stock and its productivity, as well as labour productivity, were also behaving in a way specific for them in these subperiods. The author makes an attempt to explain this cyclical feature on the basis of interrelationships between the system of the economy's functioning and the economic polic of the central organs. Mutual impact of these two elements on each other may generate different types of the economic development. However, the cyclical development appears to be most probable, which was fully confirmed by the experience of the thirty years.

1988-01-01T00:00:00Z Ziółkowska, Irena http://hdl.handle.net/11089/6605 2018-02-01T11:17:47Z 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z

Charakter więzi między organizacjami badawczymi a przedsiębiorstwami i ich wpływ na działalność innowacyjną (organizacji badawczych) Ziółkowska, Irena The innovation-oriented activity of research and development organizations is affected by a number of factors, including , among others, the character of ties among entities participating in the innovative process. These ties should be primarily o horizontal (economic) character and they should be predominant in the accepted economic solutions and in the valid status of research and development organizations and enterprises. The functioning of horizontal ties in relationships between the research and development organization and the enterprise is connected with their appropriate adjustment to the existing system of management and with other factors such as: character of market, way in which itis organized, and possibilities of competition. These factors determine the effectiveness of the functioning of the analyzed ties. The basic type of ties in contacts between them are exchange ties, which may assume a demand or a supply form. Their influence on the innovation-oriented activity may concern the choice of research. and development projects by the RSD organization and their effective realization. These forms do not exhaust all the possible solutions. That is due to the fact that the institution of bargaining, settlement of "royalties" type, as well as ties of specialized character are not irreconcilable with the status of both these entities.

1988-01-01T00:00:00Z