http://hdl.handle.net/11089/11849 2026-04-05T20:01:11Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/31617 Koszty transakcyjne ex ante jako determinanta rozwoju małych elektrowni wodnych na przykładzie województwa łódzkiego Sołtuniak, Joanna The article highlights the water power engineering potential and its use, including information on development of Small Hydro Power (SHP) plants in Voivodeship of Lodz. The process of investing in SHP as well as associated risk are presented in economic categories in relation to economy of transaction costs. The necessity to simplify administrative procedures was indicated. Publikację zrealizowano w ramach projektu "Turyzm dla Regionu - Zintegrowany Program Rozwoju Doktorantów", współfinansowanego przez Unię Europejską ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/31615 Ekonomiczne, społeczne oraz prawne aspekty budowy biogazowni rolniczej w regionie łódzkim Michalak, Dorota Biogas is a renewable energy source which can have a significant contribution to energy production in Poland. The development of renewable energy is a priority task set by the European Union. An important factor affecting the pace of development of the biogas sector is the social aspect. In many cases, the resistance of local communities can lead to the abandonment of the plant. In addition to the financial resources needed to implement the project of the plant, such an investment needs also a series of administrative decisions. Analyzing the economic aspect of the plant are costs, payback period, cost of capital, the possibility of obtaining grants and the location of biogas, namely access to substract and their cost. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/31614 Ocena polityki regionalnej Unii Europejskiej w świetle badań empirycznych Lewandowski, Krzysztof This paper deals with controversial problem of evaluation of EU regional policy. The bulk of research concentrates on estimation how the regional policy fulfilled the most important objective of this policy - reducing the existing disparities between EU regions. That is why the most popular form of assessing the impact of regional policy became measuring the convergence. This article consists of three parts. The first one deals with the empirical research on the convergence process within the EU. The second part presents the group of research which confirmed the positive impact of EU regional policy. The last part presents the examples of works which reached the quite opposite conclusions. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/31612 Liberalizacja sektorów sieciowych - aspekty teoretyczne Lech, Aleksandra The paper presents selected theoretical aspects underlying liberalization processes of so-called network sectors. The author analysed thoroughly the following conceptions: the conceptions deriving from a critical evaluation of regulation mechanism (the basis of which is the public choice theory), the conception of contestable market theory and the conceptions in which arguments in favour of liberalization derive from the depletion of structural prerequisites of natural monopoly. What follows from theoretical considerations are specific conclusions for competition policy towards network sectors – separating network owner from network operators and maintaining natural monopoly only in network activity or introducing competition in other segments of network sectors (e.g. in a production or trade segment).; Celem opracowania jest prezentacja wybranych koncepcji teoretycznych, leżących u podstaw procesów liberalizacji sektorów sieciowych (z ekonomicznego punktu widzenia traktowanych jako monopole naturalne). Wstępem do przedstawionych w artykule rozważań jest zarysowanie tradycyjnego oraz bardziej współczesnego podejścia do monopolu naturalnego – różnica między tymi dwoma ujęciami pozwala na podjęcie bardziej szczegółowej analizy przesłanek liberalizacji sektorów sieciowych. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z