http://hdl.handle.net/11089/229 2026-04-05T07:51:49Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/1632 Health capital and regional development. A panel data approach Laskowska, Iwona The recent studies of economic growth have shown increasing interest in the potential economic profits that improved health condition of populations could bring. The World Health Organization’s reports Macroeconomics and Health: Investing in Health for Economic Development of 2001 and The Contribution of Health to the Economy in the European Union of 2005 significantly contributed to the promotion of health as a factor of economic growth. Both of them suggest that investing in health as a vehicle of economic growth is necessary not only in countries at a low level of economic development, but also in the developed ones. This recommendation arises from the fact that education and health are one of the basic determinants of the quality of human capital. On a micro scale, health is treated as a prerequisite for personal development, enabling the achievement of a satisfactory economic status. In terms of the entire economy, the beneficial influence of good health can manifest itself thorough growing productivity of labour, lower costs of absenteeism caused by sick leaves, and limited costs of medical interventions that altogether may improve social well-being and reduce poverty. Variations in economic results caused by health inequalities can be analysed for the entire economy, a region or with respect to individuals. The presented investigation aimed to verify a hypothesis, according to which the health condition of the regional population can be one of the factors determining regional development. The investigation used a panel sample comprising particular voivodeships as they were between 1999 and 2008. Application of dynamic panel data models allowed identifying a relationship between different health indicators and GDP variations. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/641 Spatial problems of estimating multiplier effects in the local scale Micek, Grzegorz Academic studies of local multiplier effects generated by industries or large en- terprises seem to be a ‘rara avis’ of contemporary research. This scarcity stems from a different research procedure implemented on a local scale. The lack of primary data necessary to conduct classical input-output analysis for the local level (Polish municipalities and counties) leads to the need of carrying out the company questionnaire. The survey usually entails the issue of identifying main contractors and spatial pattern of commuting practices. Moreover, in order to obtain the data about the place where employees pay taxes the employee survey is necessary. Spatial problems of estimating multiplier effects have been described based on empirical data in Krakow’s business service centers (Micek et al. 2010) and companies functioning in Special Economic Zone in Mielec (Domański et al. 2005). Multiplier effects are a form of impact effects and they may be presented as an increased employment in local companies or increased revenues of local government from corporate or personal income taxes. Employment multiplier effects are generated in cooperating companies (indirect effects) and firms which provide services for em- ployees of the analyzed business sector (induced effects). There are two problems that arise while estimating local multiplier effects described in the paper. The first issue is the ‘leakage effect’ measured in a number of jobs being generated outside the local area (community or county). The general rules concerning the lower leakage estimated for some industries (e.g. trade in comparison to market research services) are known, but attribut- ing the value of supplies to a particular sector is possible only after obtaining specific data from enterprises and critical assessment of their quality. The second issue is related to the low quality of official statistics in the fiscal system. Almost 90% of employees of Krakow business services centers live in the city, but about 50% of them pay taxes in their former place of residence. If the employees had paid taxes in their actual place of residence, the city would have benefited from additional 9.8 m PLN in 2009 (twice as much than it was in fact collected). On the other hand, this change would lead to the decrease of revenues of local governments outside Malopolska region that would have lost 8-10 mln PLN each year. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/640 The method of computing the Log-Jacobian of the variable transformation for spatial models - test and comments Kossowski, Tomasz; Hauke, Jan One of the most important problems in spatial econometrics is the compu- tation of the log of the Jacobian of variable transformations in models with spatial inter- actions. The computation is necessary in ML estimation and Bayesian analysis of models with spatial dependence (Smirnov and Anselin 2009). The effectiveness of the implementation of ML depends on computing effectiveness of the log-determinant of a matrix, especially for sparse and large matrices. The second problem is the numerical accuracy of computation of the log-determinant using different methods as it was shown by Walde et al. (2008). These issues provoked a search of new methods of estimation for spatial models. One of them is GMM being easier but more restrictive for computation than ML (Lee 2004, 2007). Another solution is to make some simplifications based on regular grids or band matrices (Rue, Held 2005). In the paper we test and comment the method of computing the log-Jacobian of the variable transformation for models with spatial interactions, suggested by Smirnov and Anselin (2009), for some practical case studies. 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/639 Spatial and dynamic analysis of health care expenditures in OECD countries Żółtaszek, Agata; Jewczak, Maciej Health care is a key sector of every economy and is of grate medical, so- cial, and economical importance to all citizens. It is also one of the most diverse sectors in the world, especially in the aspect of financing. Some countries offer “free” care, covered by the national budget, while others have implemented various forms of privet financing, like privet healthcare insurances. In Poland most medical services are funded by the State and ideas of privatisation are in progress. Despite that it has been estimated that 30% of overall healthcare expenditures are covered by households. This rate is among the highest in Europe, which suggests low efficiency of health care sector. Analysis of magnitude and structure of health care expenditures according to financing sources can give essential data for sector’s efficiency evaluation. The main goal of this paper is to carry a spatiotemporal analysis of healthcare expenditures and their structure in OECD countries in years 2000-2007. Spatial differentiation of expenditures according to their sources and their dynamic of changes will be researched in chosen countries, including Poland. Three dimensional (time–space structure) analysis will be performed using panel shift-share analysis based on Berzeg model 2011-01-01T00:00:00Z