http://hdl.handle.net/11089/2733 2026-04-03T19:27:20Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/2745 Evaluation of the activity of European Works Councils Skorupińska, Katarzyna European Works Councils are a form of indirect employee participation which realize the right to information and consultation among employees in transnational companies. They are an extremely important institution of social dialogue at the European level. Functioning of the common market is associated with concentration of plants, mergers on the international scale, creation of branches in different countries, whereas decisions taken by central management of these transnational companies affect workers in all their European subsidiaries. The EWC Directive requires the companies to build a bridge between their decision-making centre and European workers’ representatives. The main aim of this paper is to assess the impact of EWCs on both national systems of industrial relations and transnational companies’ activity. The first part of the article includes an analysis of the character of EWCs as an element of the European system of industrial relati ons and as a source of European identity building. Moreover, the paper attempts to present the consequences of EU enlargement for these institutions and social dialogue. The second part evaluates the statutory rights of EWCs and the influence of these institutions on decision-making process in transnational companies. The main emphasis is put on EWCs impact on strategic business decisions leading to these companies’ restructuring. Wydrukowano z dostarczonych Wydawnictwu UŁ gotowych materiałów 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/2744 Interaction between Formal and Informal Insitutions in the Process of Transformation from a Planned to a Market Economy Godłów-Legiędź, Janina; Legiędź, Tomasz In the light of new institutional economics and the history of transformation, the nature of social change becomes an issue of primary importance. To explain this phenomenon, the new institutional economics has turned to the theory of interaction between formal and informal institutions. In this article the thesis functions as a tool for interpreting political and economic changes in the countries of Central Europe, the Balkan countries, the Former Soviet Union and in China. Analysis of the Democracy Scores published by Freedom House seems to confirm the dominant presupposition saying that democracy, clarity and observance of social cooperation rules, a high level of social trust, and high moral standards of individua ls favour economic growth. But case of the China transformation shows that i nstitutions that have proved successful in the West does not necessarily provide the best solutions for underdeveloped countries. An optimal transformation policy depends on a given cultural background and political situation. However, despite important differences, some similarities between the transformation processes taking place in different regions and countries are discernible. The common feature of all transformation processes is greed and a lack of responsibility on the part of the ruling elites, which pose the greatest threat to reforms and economic development in the long run. Wydrukowano z dostarczonych Wydawnictwu UŁ gotowych materiałów 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/2743 The Review of International Regulations in the Field of Sustainable Tourism Development Marciniak, Adam The conception of sustainable development applies to all spheres of human activities since natural environment, which undergoes changes all the time, constitutes space of life for human race. One of human activities which integrates many spheres of socio-economic life is tourism.This paper is committed to the analysis of regulations concerning the issue of sustainable tourism, beginning from 1993 until the publications of 2005. The author made the attempt of identification of changes in the approach to the problems of sustainable tourism in international context. The other aim was to indicate the main problems which impede the realization of the concept of eco-development in relation to tourism. Wydrukowano z dostarczonych Wydawnictwu UŁ gotowych materiałów 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/2742 Globalization and Regionalization Problems (Based on the Case of Mercosur and EU) Ratowska-Dziobiak, Eleonora Globalization process became the challenge. It can be associated with advantages, chances and opportunities that are brought for the whole world, main “actors” – transnational corporations and each country. From the other hand several threats, negative results of this phenomenon shouldn’t be forgotten, omitted. The aim of this article is to show the main positive and negative aspects of the globalization, what changes on the world market it brings, to what activities it forces the countries on the global scene. This analysis was conducted on the examples of some regional blocks (like MERCOSUR and EU), with a special taking into consideration Brazil, where the author took part in two Summer School organized by Faculdades Matropolitanas Unidas, Sao Paulo. Wydrukowano z dostarczonych Wydawnictwu UŁ gotowych materiałów 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z