http://hdl.handle.net/11089/29617 Annales. Etics in Economic Life 2019, vol. 22 No.1 2026-04-07T21:02:12Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/29888 Transformacja handlu detalicznego Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) w Polsce po 1989 roku Kondej, Andrzej The aim of the article is to present and analyze the deep transformations that have occurred in the retail trade of the FMCG in Poland after 1989. It presents the phase nature of the transformations of this market, which led to its current diversified structure. Both the development of domestic trade and the expansion of foreign trade corporations were taken into account. The content includes issues such as market diversification and concentration, development within particular formats and the phenomenon of convergence. The paper takes advantage of ongoing qualitative and quantitative research (since 2012) of the FMCG retail market in Poland by Kondej Marketing. The survey is based on aggregation and analysis of available secondary data, market observations and primary direct interviews. Particular emphasis is placed on the impact of the demand factor on the development and shaping of the structure of this market. The influence of disposable income on the situation within the retail market of the FMCG industry was comprehensively presented. The preferences and purchasing behavior of Polish consumers, which are unique on a European scale, were also taken into account. This applies, in particular, to the attitude of smart shopping and the tendency to buy in stores located near buyers’ place of residence. The article presents the thesis that the purchasing preferences of Polish consumers have a significant impact on the development of the sector and its structure. 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/29889 The representation of mature adults in TV commercials: A cross-cultural content analysis of portrayals in Poland and in the U.S. Kowalewska, Kinga; Grodzki, Erika The aim of the article is to examine the portrayals of mature adults (55+) in television commercials in Poland and in the United States. It is important to analyze the portrayal of this group as, on the one hand, they are a lucrative and growing consumer market, however, on the other hand, past studies have shown that this segment has been often stereotyped and underrepresented. It is hypothesized that due to clear differences in the value systems and socio-economic characteristics of both countries, the representation of the mature segment of consumers will differ significantly in terms of their overall portrayal. A purposive sample of 15 Polish commercials and 15 U.S. commercials was selected since the researchers wished to focus on particular portrayals rather than analyze a large sample of commercials. The method was a comparative content analysis. Each commercial was examined particularly for the social context, the activities performed by the individuals, gender representation, health status, race, image, role and product/service type. The findings showed that older people play various roles, however, cultural values and differences were evident in the commercials placed in both countries. This could be seen in the content and focus of the ads. 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/29887 Deontologiczne zasady dobrej administracji w dokumentach UE. Uwagi o ich wdrażaniu w Polsce Walenia, Alina The proper functioning of local-government administration means not only improving legal and organisational solutions, but mainly officials abiding by ethical principles. Therefore, an important role in the process is played by the ethical standards of good administration referred to in the European Code of Good Administrative Behaviour. The principles apply to the assessment of the operation of public administration. They reflect the duties of the administration towards the citizens. The purpose of this paper is to assess the importance of the principles of ethics as a factor conditioning the efficient operation of local government administration. The questionnaire research carried out among local government staff and their stakeholders enabled the identification of the most frequent irregularities in the work of the officials and indicates the importance of the principles of ethics in the process of eliminating irregularities. 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/29885 Ekonomiczne i społeczne aspekty korupcji Walczak, Waldemar The aim of the article is to present multidimensional analyses and deliberations that bring us closer to better understanding the corrupt practices that commonly occur in everyday economic reality. Particular attention was paid to the economic and social aspects of the corrupt behaviors which are considered, taking into account the main goals of corruption and the accompanying results. At the beginning of the work, the essence and aims of corruption were characterized, and also the author’s own definition of this phenomenon was formulated in a broad sense, according to a pragmatic approach to the analyzed problem. The consequence of the adopted research approach is that corruption has been divided into two categories – crimes and legal corruption. An important element of the analysis is the perception of corruption as a network of influences, connections and dependencies which are a consequence of actions developed in practice and the behaviors of the people in charge of the authorities. Another topic was devoted to financial benefits, which should be interpreted as an economic dimension and a basic determinant for all forms of corruption. In this part of the study, specific processes and decisions for achieving measurable financial benefits by a selected group of beneficiaries were thoroughly discussed and explained. In order to strengthen the formulated theses, remarks and conclusions, the results from the audit carried out by the Supreme Audit Office were additionally used. The findings included in the report of the Supreme Audit Office also served as an important argument for the assessment of specific behaviors in terms of public officials bearing responsibility for activities that are a conscious act of using power for their own particular interests. In the further part of the article, the assumptions and objectives of the anticorruption policy of the government included in the program documents for years 2014–2019, as well as the new version of the anti-corruption strategy for years 2018–2020, were subjected to a critical analysis. Finally, the author presented selected information included in the annual Central Anti-corruption Agency report and a few reflections summing up the process of combating corruption in Poland. 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z