http://hdl.handle.net/11089/6369 2026-04-05T07:11:18Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/6765 André Philip o planowaniu gospodarczym. Przyczynek do charakterystyki poglądów współczesnych socjalistów francuskich Piątkowaki, Wiesław Andre Philip is an aminent representative of the contemporary French socialism. He devotes a great deel of his attantion to problems of the planning in the capitalist society. Such planning is considered by him to be a factor of transformation of the capitalism in the socialist sense. But the socialism itself is of quite a specific significance for him - it is a socio-political system deriving its origins from some universal ethical values (with in the sphere of the Christian culture), and not from conflicts between the capital and the labour, which were created in the historical process. Philip's theses that the planning should be linked with activities of different social and professional groups, with processes of decentralization and administrative and economic functions, and with democratization of the political life should be noted here. 1982-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/6739 Michael Harrington o ubóstwie i walce z ubóstwem w Stanach Zjednoczonych Kropiwnicki, Jerzy Michael Harrington has been interested in the problem of poverty in the United States for many years. In his opinion the poverty problem is a social problem. The poverty of particular people, according to him, is not a question of individual characteristic of people suffering it but rather of socio-economic conditions end mechanisms. The question "who should be considered as poor?“ can be answered only against a concrete historical background, with in a context of a definite society living at a definite period of time. The poverty is not only a problem of the poor but, first of all, of the society in which the poor live. Besides its economic aspect the poverty has also its psychological and political aspects. While recognizing the importance of the economic factor, M. Herrington accepts, as a starting point, the official income definition of the poverty and measures resulting from it. He is also formulating a number of postulates concerning such realization of this definition eccording to which anybody, who is not encompassed by the economic promotion of the entire society, is conside red to be poor. The struggle with the poverty represents an obvious social goal, which becomes all the more urgent since the poverty is characterized with autodynamics. The causes of the poverty are analyzed by the author from two different view points. In the liberal-reformistic interpretation, the main emphasis is placed by him on the existence of the so-called "vicious circle of the poverty" in which the poverty is both the effect and the cause of the poverty. On the other hand, the analysis performed from the left ist view point reveals that at the very foundations of "the vicious circle“ lies the monopolistic structure of the US economy and subordination of the state's targets to corporations targets. Whan analyzed in such a context, an effective struggle with the poverty, in Harrington's opinion, calls for fundamental social reforms to be performed and implemented under pressure exerted by a wide socialist-liberal- and trade-unions coalition. Harrington believes in a likelihood of establishing such coalition and in its effective operation. 1982-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/6737 Ekonomika nauki jako nowo wyodrębniająca się dyscyplina naukowa Mikosik, Stanisław The article deals with presentation of the process of formation of a new scientific discipline - economics of science (or: economics of scientific researches). The author has performed a short review of different works dealing with this problem which is followed by an attempt at formulation of the object and the area of researches. There are discussed specific features and development prospects of the newly - arising discipline. 1982-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/6736 Poglądy ekonomiczne Edwarda Bernsteina (zasadnicze tezy) Ziemiński, Paweł The process of revision of Marx' theories, which was postulated by Edward Bernstein, at the turn of 19th and 20th centuries concerned mainly the economic problems, the solution of which was of fundamental importance in elaborating the programme end the political strategy of the socialist working - class movement in that period end - as it appeared later - also in the future. That was crucial problem from the sphere of the capital accumulation of theory of crises to be found in Marx' works. As it is abserved by the author, the economic view s of Bernstein, which are a critique or interpretation of Marx' theories in the revisionism spirit have not been presented in any systematized way in the Polish literature so far. This article constitutes just such an attempt at the systematization based on the most important critical theses of Bernstein, as proposed by the author; consecutively in such problems as concentration of production end problems of ownership, distribution of incomes, changes in the structura of the capitalist society, and economic crises. The author of this article, while agreeing with previous assessment of Bernstein's most important economic views, simultaneously trying to perform his own esseasment concerning some detailed problems. He is also trying to define the character of the methodological out look which was represented by Bernstein. 1982-01-01T00:00:00Z