http://hdl.handle.net/11089/6496 EKONOMIA POLITYCZNA 2026-04-05T18:55:39Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/6522 Własność w sensie ekonomicznym i prawnym a pozycja klasowa menedżerów Milewski, Roman The article presents an attempt at possibly brief discussion of the main theses of the Marxist theory of ownership, determination of differences between ownership in its economic sense (or socio-economic sense) and ownership in its legal sense, and presentation of the problem of class membership of managers (especially, managers of US corporations) against th e background of such Marxist authors as C. Bettelheim, N. Poulantzas and G. Carchedi. The author comes to the conclusion that certain theses of these authors may be considered as irreconcilable with K. Marx' th eory of ownership. This concerns, for example, a thesis that managers of capitalist stock companies become automatically economic owners of means of production located in these companies and members of the bourgeois class as a result of the function performed by them in the capitalist system of production. 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/6521 Przesłanki i przyczyny wahań periodycznych w różnych teoriach cyklu koniunkturalnej Raczko, Andrzej One of the main issues connected with theoretical analysis of business cycles is the problem of determining to what extent a given cycle is an effect of the influence exerted by exogenous factors on the economic system, and to what extent it is a product of a definite economic system. Whether or not a given theory of cycle is an endogenous concept may be determined by analyzing its construction. A construction of each theory of cycle contains two major elements: — a set of conditions, whose fulfillment (according to the authors of the theory) makes it possible for cyclical fluctuations in the level of economic activity to appear (this element has been called „prerequisites of the cycle" in the article); — a set of impulses generating cyclical fluctuations (called „causes of the cycle" in the article). Depending on whether prerequisites and causes of the cycle are determined by noneconomic factors or by the internal structure of economic relationships, a given solution will be presenting an exogenous or an endogenous concept of the business cycle. The article is an attempt at outlining changes occurring in prerequisites and causes of cyclical fluctuations, which aims at showing the interweaving of exogenous and endogenous concepts in the history of economic thought beginning with creation of the subjective-marginal trend and ending with assimilation of Keynes' achievements by the theory of economic dynamics. 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/6518 Pojęcie przedsiębiorstwa międzynarodowego Witkowska, Janina The article is an attempt to systematize various views on fundamental characteristics of the multinational enterprise. Among different definitions and terms, there can be distinguished three groups of view on the fundamental characteristics of the multinational enterprise: 1) views identifying the concept of multinational enterprises with the parent enterprise and its foreign subsidiaries (including both capitalist and socialist ones); 2) views treating the multinational enterprise as a joint enterprise i.e. such whose capital, management, personnel belong to enterprise s of different countries! 3) views combining both above approaches. The article characterizes the above views and presents definitions illustrating these views. There has also been presented the multinational en te rp rise from the legal viewpoint, which is due to the fact that in the course of establishing such enterprises and during their functioning arise numerous problems of legal nature. Moreover, the legal point of view differs considerably from the economic one, as ro t all multinational en terprises in th e economic sense are multinational from the legal point of view. On the other hand, each multinational enterprise in the sense of its nationality or In the sense of its personal status is a multinational enterprise in the economic sense. 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/6517 Polityka Europejskiej Wspólnoty Gospodarczej wobec krajów rozwijających się Błaszczyk, Maria The artiele is devoted to analysis of the EEC policy in relation to the Third World countries. At the EEC level, the activities concerning the Community's policy towards the developing countries can be divided into three groups: — association with the countries of Africa, the Carribean Sea and the Pacificic — establishment of special links with the majority of the Mediterraean countries; — generalized system of preferences in relation to all the Third World countries. The analysis of relationships between the EEC and the developing countries reveals a considerable intensificatiin of ties between them. This is due to the fact the EEC is more and more interested in establishing closer contacts with these countries. Simultaneously, the Third World countries also strive to intensify these ties. On the other hand, the existing relationships between these two groups of countries give rise to certain new reflections concerning international relations, and especially North-South relations. 1988-01-01T00:00:00Z