http://hdl.handle.net/11089/9412 2026-04-06T19:28:57Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/9946 Świeckie i kościelne chóry niemieckie w Łodzi (do 1939 r.). Organizacja – działalność – repertuar Woźniak, Krzysztof Paweł The German community in Lodz cultivated traditional forms of spending time, common in their homeland. The most popular were choirs and up to 1914 there were about a hundred of them in Lodz. The number reduced to 50 between 1918 and 1939. Vocal art and choral singing played a significant role in preserving native language and reinforcing the community national feelings. The German singers associations were egalitarian, since they gathered members with various social backgrounds and vocations. The financial support of German Lodz manufacturers gave opportunities of managing and organising both church and secular choirs without restraints. The experienced professional conductors were hired to work with the singers. The vivid contacts with choirs from Germany were also held. Hence the choirs performed the greatest oratorical and choral musical masterpieces. 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/9945 Społeczność łódzkich esperantystów w latach Wielkiej Wojny Stawiszyńska, Aneta The outbreak of World War I temporarily stopped the process „Lodz Esperanto Societo”. Organization reactivated after a few months and stood intensive activities aimed at promoting the artificial language created by Ludwig Zamenhoff in society of Lodz. The most important activities were Esperanto Evenings, which were voiced during lectures devoted to the artificial language and also presented the associated artistic programs. An important element of this activity were numerous press reports of the benefits of the knowledge of that language. During the war, also organized a number of language courses at different levels. In Lodz also functioned library offering positions in Esperanto. Lodz Esperanto speakers regularly published their articles in the press. Among the most discussed period in Lodz Esperanto should mention figures such as Vladimir Pfeiffer, Heinrich Zimmermann and Franz Ender. 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/9944 Polscy socjaliści o gospodarce uspołecznionej. Uwagi na marginesie książki Adama A. Urbanowicza, [Rec.:] Adam Andrzej Urbanowicz, Uspołecznienie własności i wizja nowego ładu gospodarczego w polskiej myśli socjalistycznej (1918–1939), Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWSZ, Gorzów Wielkopolski 2013, ss. 370 Piskała, Kamil 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/9943 Towarzystwo Opieki nad Dziećmi „Gniazdo Łódzkie” w latach I wojny światowej Sosnowska, Joanna „Gniazdo Łódzkie” Childcare Society had its genesis in 1907. Its origins are related to the charity campaign for children of workers from Łódź factories in connection with the revolution of 1905–1907. Members of the Childcare Society in Warsaw [Towarzystwo Opieki nad Dziećmi w Warszawie] became interested with the fate of orphans and half-orphans. During a meeting with Łódź aid providers (mainly physicians and clergymen) in February 1907 in Łódź, it was decided that a cooperation would be started and that the Łódź division of the Childcare Society would be opened with the name of „Gniazdo Łódzkie”. The first orphanage for children „with no home or care” was opened by the Society in July 1907 at Milscha 16 (at present, Kopernika street), in a leased tenement house. Over 30 children lived there; after a year, these numbers have increased up to 50. In 1914–1918, the number of residents was about 100. The Society took care of orphaned, homeless, and begging children (aged 4–10); with time, it also provided care to children of ill, crippled, or mentally disabled parents. Just before the outbreak of the World War I, the residents of „Gniazdo Łódzkie” Childcare Society moved to their own home build in Kały near Łódź, where an orphanage and a school were organized. The children lived in that new house for a few months only; in November 1914, the house was completely destroyed as a result of military action around Łódź. Then, residents of „Gniazdo Łódzkie” were moved to Łódź; they lived in „Dom Ludowy” of Christian Workers’ Association [Stowarzyszenie Robotników Chrześcijańskich] at Przejazd 34 (at present, Tuwima street). They ate in cheap soup kitchens. The Society tried to provide children from „Gniazdo Łódzkie” with optimum living conditions, also in the areas of care, education, health, and hygiene, during the war as well. Due to economic and organizational reasons, that was not an easy task. Among members of the Society, there were people who continued to provide care to orphans and homeless children even during the difficult years of German occupation. 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z