http://hdl.handle.net/11089/1104 Sun, 05 Apr 2026 23:10:02 GMT 2026-04-05T23:10:02Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/40086 Analysis of the mass composition of high-energy cosmic ray Malinowski, Jan This paper analyses mass composition of high-energy cosmic ray, comparing simulation and experimental results. Using the nuclear interaction models QGSJET-II and Sibyll, we simulate EAS initiated by the primary nuclei representing all mass groups (p, He, O, Si, Fe). EAS is simulated for several energy levels between 1.1018 and 5.1019 eV. For such generated simulation data, we compute X-max distributions, mean X-max and RMS and compare these values with the experimental data from the Auger Experiment. The results show that for the 2-sigma confidence level, mass composition including nuclei from the CNO group and heavier can be fitted for Sibyll model only. For any combination of 3 and 4 primary particles, no model fits the experimental data at the 1-sigma confidence level. For the p + Fe bi-particle composition, or other combination of two particles, also no model fitting the experimental data can be found for the analysed energy interval. 23rd European Cosmic Ray Symposium (and 32nd Russian Cosmic Ray Conference) 3–7 July 2012, Moscow, Russia. Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/40086 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/39986 Wigner functions and coherent states for the quantum mechanics on a circle Kowalski, Krzysztof; Ławniczak, Karol The Wigner functions for the coherent states of a particle on a circle are discussed. The nontrivial analytic forms of these functions are derived. The classicality of the circular coherent states existing in the literature as well as the new ones constructed by means of the Fourier transformation of the Gaussian is compared based on negativity of the Wigner function. Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/39986 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/39663 Artificial Neural Network as a FPGA Trigger for a Detection of Neutrino-Induced Air Showers Pytel, Krzysztof; Głas, Dariusz; Szadkowski, Zbigniew Rosa, Joao Luis G. Neutrinos play a fundamental role in the understanding of the origin of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECR). They interact through charged and neutral currents in the atmosphere generating extensive air showers. However, the very low rate of events potentially generated by neutrinos is a significant challenge for detection techniques and requires both sophisticated algorithms and high-resolution hardware. We developed the FPGA trigger which is generated by a neural network. The algorithm can recognize various waveform types. It has been developed and tested on ADC traces of the Pierre Auger surface detectors. We developed the algorithm of artificial neural network on a MATLAB platform. Trained network that we implemented into the largest Cyclone V E FPGA was used for the prototype of the front-end board for the AugerPrime. We tested several variants, and the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm (trainlm) was the most efficient. The network was trained: (a) to recognize ‘old’ very inclined showers (real Auger data were used as patterns for both positive and negative markers: for reconstructed inclined showers and for triggered by time over threshold (ToT), respectively, (b) to recognize ‘neutrino-induced showers’. Here, we used simulated data for positive markers and vertical real showers for negative ones. Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/39663 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/39359 Lorentz-covariant, unitary evolution of a relativistic Majorana qubit Smoliński, Kordian; Rembieliński, Jakub; Caban, Paweł; Khrapko, Sviatoslav We formulate a covariant description of a relativistic qubit identified with an irreducible set of quantum spin states of a Majorana particle with a sharp momentum. We treat the particle’s four-momentum as an external parameter. We show that it is possible to define an interesting time evolution of the spin density matrix of such a qubit. This evolution is manifestly Lorentz covariant in the bispinor representation and unitary in the spin representation. Moreover, during this evolution the Majorana particle undergoes an uniformly accelerated motion. We classify possible types of such motions, and finally we illustrate the behaviour of the polarization vector of the Majorana qubit during the evolution in some special cases. Mon, 01 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/39359 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z