http://hdl.handle.net/11089/215 WYBRANE PROBLEMY FUNKCJONOWANIA UNII GOSPODARCZEJ I WALUTOWEJ pod red. Jausza Bilskiego i Ewy Feder- Sempach Sat, 04 Apr 2026 19:52:00 GMT 2026-04-04T19:52:00Z https://dspace.uni.lodz.pl:443/bitstream/id/25d495e9-0d0d-4f30-b169-9327ebebc7a9/ http://hdl.handle.net/11089/215 http://hdl.handle.net/11089/406 Przesłanki za i przeciw przystąpienia Szwecji do strefy euro Stawasz, Ewa Sweden is required by EU law to fulfill the criteria specified in the Maastricht Treaty and adopt the euro. Nevertheless, the Swedish Parliament decided in 1997 that Sweden would not enter the third stage of Economic and Monetary Union. The aim of the article is to present the causes that stood behind this decision. Both the reports of special governmental commissions and the social attitude are analyzed. Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/406 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/405 Zjawisko globalnej nierównowagi a stabilność rozwoju gospodarki światowej – ujęcie retrospektywne i prospektywne Sobański, Konrad The aim of the study is to present major opinions concerning the phenomenon of global imbalances and its influence on stability of global economic growth. The author tries to systematize both concepts presented by economists prior to the world financial crisis and current views on the relationship between global imbalances and the financial crisis. The article contains also selected forecasts of the future development path of global imbalances and resulting recommendations for policy makers given by selected economists. The analysis of the world literature has helped the author to formulate two conclusions: 1) There are competing opinions on the role of global imbalances in terms of sustainable growth of the world economy (expressed both before and after the outbreak of the financial crisis; 2) There is a widespread belief among economists that global imbalances will persist in the future. Both conclusions are arguments for further research on the issue of global imbalances. Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/405 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/404 Pozycja europejskich korporacji transnarodowych w światowych rankingach (w kontekście powstania zintegrowanego obszaru walutowego) Rosińska-Bukowska, Magdalena The main aim of the paper is to analyse the changes in the group of the world’s top transnational corporations (TNCs) in the context of creation of integrated currency area – the Eurozone. The author tried to assess how creation of the monetary union affected the position of transnational corporations of European origin. Researches were done on the group of a hundred items (non–financial TNCs) classified in the UNCTAD ranking during the period 1990–2008. More specific examination was done for top 20 corporations. The paper is divided into three parts. In the first one authors cites World Investments Reports, upon which corporations, for further analysis, were selected. In the next part of the paper researcher concentrated on the world’s top 20 TNCs. The third part consists of case studies. The world top 20 German and French corporations were taken as examples. Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/404 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/403 Reguły fiskalne rządów na poszczególnych poziomach władzy w państwach członkowskich Unii Europejskiej Paluszak, Grzegorz This article reviews the different types of fiscal rules and their properties with respect to various objectives assigned to fiscal policy. Then, it provides a descriptive analysis of the fiscal rules in force in the EU Member States. The characteristics of fiscal rules vary depending on the sub-sector to which they apply. Fiscal rules applying to higher levels government are usually incorporated into multi-annual budgetary framework whereas most rules applied to regional and local governments rely preponderantly on annual schemes. Most of the fiscal rules applied to regional or local levels governments are enshrined in constitution or law, while rules applying to the whole of the general government sector are more frequently based on coalition agreements or political commitments. Similarly, while rules for regional and local governments seem to have relatively strong enforcement mechanisms, rules applying to general and central governments generally don’t envisage ex ante defined actions in case of non-compliance. The analysis also indicates that contract countries tend to have more fiscal rules applied to central government and social security sectors while delegation countries have a higher number of fiscal rules implemented at regional and local level. Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/403 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z