http://hdl.handle.net/11089/2849 Zjawiska ekstremalne i zdarzenia nadzwyczajne w środkowej Polsce Mon, 06 Apr 2026 22:19:14 GMT 2026-04-06T22:19:14Z https://dspace.uni.lodz.pl:443/bitstream/id/45965a13-3ac7-4f72-a53c-b3af829459c4/ http://hdl.handle.net/11089/2849 http://hdl.handle.net/11089/31788 Zamiast wstępu Jokiel, Paweł Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/31788 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/2904 Osuwiska w województwie łódzkim i ich szczególny charakter w wyrobisku KWB "Bełchatów" Czarnecki, Leopold; Goździk, Jan An increase of the intensity of landslide processes and threats, which they cause, resulted in growth of interest in rock slides. Łódź district is located in the area, where the frequency of slide processes caused by natural factors is the lowest in Poland. It is due to lack of natural long slopes of big inclinations. However, the geological structure of some areas potentially favours landslides formation, especially there, where great slopes are created by humans (Fig. 1, 2, Photos 2, 3, 4). There are many mineral resources mines in Łódź district, hence the probability of steep escarpments and hillsides formation creation increase the chance of landslides danger. However, the type of extracted ores, with a few exceptions, do not favour landslides formation. If they are formed there are of small sizes. One, but a very important exception is KWB "Bełchatów" opencast excavation and a new adjacent, similar "Szczerców" opencast. Because of particular depth of the flIst excavation and its very complicated geological structure, landslides processes are here frequent and intensive. The sizes of formed landslips are comparative with the greatest natural landslides in Poland (Tab. 1, Fig. 4, Photos 3, 4). They are a great threat for machines and workers of mining factory. The analysis of current landslide processes, establishing the reasons of their formation and their dynamics, as well as continuous monitoring of the zones endangered by these phenomena are basic for controlling landslide processes and limiting danger. Artykuł powstał w wyniku prac badawczych prowadzonych w ramach Projektu Zamawianego MNiI (K091/P04/2004/11). Mon, 01 Jan 2007 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/2904 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/2856 Okresy suche i wilgotne w Łodzi w XX wieku Podstawczyńska, Agnieszka The aim of this work is to present the results of total daily precipitation series, which had been registered in Łódź in 1904-2000. In the structure of daily precipitation conditions the days without falls (54.2%) and with falls of 0.1-4.9 mm (36.1%) were dominant. Total maximum daily precipitation changed perennially from 14.2 mm to 103.5 mm. The longest continuous peńods of dryness in Łódź lasted 45 days, whereas the longest periods of continuous falling lasted 31 days. It was observed that 40's and 50's were the years of the most frequent dry periods. Maximum length of continuous precipitation periods shortened from 30 days in 30's to 14 and 15 days in 80's and 90's. Looking for long lasting tendencies of the time changeability of precipitation characteristics by using non-parametric test by Mann-Kendall and non-parametric Sen's method, which is used for calculating regression coefficients in linear trends equations, shows lack of statistically significant tendencies. This happens in case of daily capacities and extreme total fall, as well as total annual number of days without and with falling being equal or bigger than 5 mm and ~ 10 mm. Positive trends, statistically significant on a level of 0.05 characterize dryness indices in February and April, while indices on a 0.01 level are characteristic for August. Artykuł powstał w wyniku prac badawczych prowadzonych w ramach Projektu Zamawianego MNiI (K091/P04/2004/11). Mon, 01 Jan 2007 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/2856 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/2855 Przepływy ekstremalne wybranych rzek środkowej Polski w latach 1951-2000 Jokiel, Paweł The following study is an attempt to create a multiaspect statistical analysis of 50-years long sequences of monthly extreme llows of three rivers of central Poland: Warta in Sieradz, Bzura in Sochaczew and Pilica in Przedbórz (1951-2000). Those rivers play leading roles in water management of one of the poorest in surface water regions of country - central Poland. The knowledge of their regime and identification of its changes in time especially due to low and high flows is a basis for future planning and efficient water management in regional scale. Within this work functions of monthly extreme flow distributions were identified and distinct probability quantiles were calculated (fab. 1-2; Attachments I-VI). Looking at flow maxima it was noted that for snow-melt freshets months (lI, Ill, IV) the most characteristic were gamma and Weibull's distributions, while for the months of 'summer freshet (VI, VII, VIII) - gamma and log-gamma functions. In case of monthly minima was slightly different. The greatest number of sequences might have been described by Weibull's distribution, significantly smaller number by log-gamma, last two functions appeared very rarely. The biggest annual specific capacity of probability of exceeding l% characterize Pilica river. It was much bigger than analogous runoffs calculated for Warta and Bzura rivers. For Warta and Bzura annual low llows of probability of exceeding 99% were also 8 times smaller than their ecological discharges. In case of Pilica this difference was about 400% smaller. There were investigated the perennial and seasonal dynamics of extreme llows (attachments VII, IX), changeability of monthly llow amplitudes (Fig. 13, 14) as well the trends and their significance (Tab. 4). Long lasting maximum llow series for months of the same names from cold half-year were investigated in 3 rivers and characterized by negative trends (sometimes statistically significant) - Pilica (XI-IV); Bzura (II, III). The lowest flows period systematically moved from early summer (in 1951-1960) towards late summer or even early autumn (in 1991-2000). This trend was very pronounced and unambiguous. Perennial changeability of warm half-year minimum series was usually smaller than of parallel series in cold half-year. All monthly minima of Warta increased, Pilica's - decreased, while the observed tendencies for Bzura were variegated. Most of the obtained trend lines indicate on tendencies of decreasing in the series of monthly amplitudes, although statistically significant trends are characteristically arranged. Statistically significant trends occur during late winter and early spring (I-II), what is more they concern all studied rivers. The analysis indicate on a small decrease in changeability of flows in investigated rivers, which is characterized by slightly systematic increase of monthly minima and amplitude decrease. However, those phenomena are visible best during cold half-years and concern mainly month of freshets (II, III). Artykuł powstał w wyniku prac badawczych prowadzonych w ramach Projektu Zamawianego MNiI (K091/P04/2004/11). Mon, 01 Jan 2007 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/2855 2007-01-01T00:00:00Z