http://hdl.handle.net/11089/29271 Tue, 21 Apr 2026 22:53:32 GMT 2026-04-21T22:53:32Z https://dspace.uni.lodz.pl:443/bitstream/id/381c782b-1b59-4f73-84e2-01992ac8d099/ http://hdl.handle.net/11089/29271 http://hdl.handle.net/11089/29906 Inter-provincial migration in Italy: a comparison between Italians and foreigners Casacchia, Oliviero; Reynaud, Cecilia; Strozza, Salvatore; Tucci, Enrico Internal migration in Italy increased in the 2000s due to foreigners residing in the country. Foreigners have changed the characteristics of Italy’s internal migration. Extended gravity models were run to highlight the differences between the migratory behaviours of Italians and foreigners. The model was implemented to detect the different effects of the Italian and foreign populations, and the distances between the provinces of origin and destinations of the inter-provincial migration of Italians and foreigners. Estimations obtained for the years 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015 highlight the different evolutions of the phenomenon. Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/29906 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/29907 Why do skilled people migrate to cities? A spatial econometric analysis for understanding the impact of the social environment on the attraction of human capital to cities in Turkey Gonul, Dilcu; Erkut, Gulden  The main focus of this study is on understanding the importance of social dynamics of cities for attracting human capital to urban regions. The principal research question of the article is “if there is a spatial dependency on neighbouring provinces’ social environmental qualities in human capital at­traction for Turkey.” It is believed that developmental disparities among regions can be overcome with a balanced distribution of human capital. In this article, first the concept and importance of human capital and its evolution throughout economic history are explained in order to emphasize the relationship between development and human capital for urban regions. The literature review consists of migration models developed and used in previous studies and recent literature that together consider human capital and its flow with spatial analysis. A review of migration models helps structure the quantitative models’ building blocks, or the concepts to be quantified. Literature that discusses human capital and spatial analysis, at the same time, guides the study in implementing the most appropriate analysis technique. The literature discussed in the paper is focused on human capital migration and urban attractiveness. Its similarity with the current study work is the focus on the relationship between urban environment components and human capital. However, the cited studies lack the “spatial/relational” approach to urban regions which means that the effects of developments in settlements neighbouring the region were ignored. The contribution which we intend to make with the current study is to adapt the spatial econometric analysis to the problem of human capital attraction. Literature review is followed by data used in the empirical part of the study, and brief information on spatial econometric analysis. Next, findings of the empirical spatial econometric analysis of Turkey’s 81 urban regions are provided. Overall, the analysis indicated that undergraduate and post-graduate migrants care about the social prosperity of the neighbouring environment of destination province. The last part concludes with an interpretation of empirical study findings and discusses relevant urban and regional policy instruments. Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/29907 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/29904 Transformations of urban electric transport in Ukraine after 1991 in the view of transport policy Rudakevych, Ivan; Sitek, Sławomir; Soczówka, Andrzej The article presents, in a multifaceted manner, the changes that occurred in urban electric transport in Ukraine after 1991. The purpose of the article is to research the diversification of the degree and directions of development and transformation of urban electric transport systems in the context of the transport policy. The legal and financial conditions for the functioning and development of the system are discussed, and a SWOT analysis of the current situation is carried out. In order to assess the direction of the changes occurring on individual networks, a synthetic index was used, constructed on the basis of the statistical data from 25 years available. The research has shown that in 1991‒2016, in the vast majority of Ukrainian cities there was a regression in urban electric transport, the largest in the east of Ukraine. That was of a bipartite nature: in the first years it practically applied to all networks, later a polarization in cities occurred ‒ in parts of cities the situation of urban electric transport has improved slightly. In the context of numerous diagnosed problems, the challenges faced by urban electric transport in Ukraine were indicated. Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/29904 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/29905 Geographic features of zero-emissions urban mobility: the case of electric buses in Europe and Belarus Bezruchonak, Andrei This article reviews the emerging phenomena of electric buses’ deployment in Europe and Belarus within the general framework of the concept of sustainable and electric urban mobility. The author offers a brief overview of electric bus technologies available on the market and a spatial analysis of fleet deployment in Europe. The analysis of the spatial structure of the distribution of e-buses in Europe indicated that, in terms of the number of vehicles in operation, the UK and the Netherlands are the regional leaders, while in terms of the number of cities testing e-buses – Germany, Sweden, and Poland are the leaders. The analysis showed that the main factors supporting the distribution of innovative technology and public support are legislative and regulative framework as well as clear strategic planning and cooperation between local administrations and transportation authorities. Other important aspects, such as network building features, and the location of the charging infrastructure were also discussed. The analysis of the case study of Minsk (the first city to introduce electric buses in Belarus) outlined the typical limiting factors for all types of markets: high battery costs and dependency on infrastructure; recommendations are given to emphasise bus fleet replacement (instead of trolleybus) and to develop a comprehensive sustainable urban mobility strategy. Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/29905 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z