http://hdl.handle.net/11089/31141 Sun, 12 Apr 2026 15:08:59 GMT 2026-04-12T15:08:59Z https://dspace.uni.lodz.pl:443/bitstream/id/fc107694-af87-434d-9ddb-9b450b6d335d/ http://hdl.handle.net/11089/31141 http://hdl.handle.net/11089/32553 St. Thomas Aquinas in Ukrainian Orthodox Schools Sodomora, Pavlo Ukrainian philosophical thought has been developing under the influence of several philosophical streams. Being influences by Orthodox tradition mainly, Church has always been at the forefront of any political campaign conducted on Ukrainian terrain. The level of education plays a key role in the process of cultural development of any country. Western part of Ukraine, comparing to its Eastern counterpart, had better access to education and information due to Catholic Church predominance in the region. The article intends to investigate the scholastic and patristic thought and its reproduction by Ukrainian cultural environment via various European teaching systems. Ukraine has been developing in a broad European context and this is why it could not have been deprived of influential teachings. But Russian imperialistic, and later communist ideology was hindering constantly the deployment and development of many ideas that were important for European philosophy. Together with Eastern theology, which was based mainly on works of Damascenus, Aristotelian traditions were introduced in Ukrainian schools gradually, and based on Aristotle’s works, theology of St. Thomas was taught. Prominent Ukrainian thinkers were influenced by many scholastic philosophers, including St. Thomas Aquinas. Aquinas’ influence is apparent in later thinkers. Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/32553 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/31192 Aspekty normy – problem holistycznego ujęcia wzorca normatywnego w świetle myśli późnego Wittgensteina Graboń, Wojciech In Polish legal theory there is a generally accepted distinction between legal norms (normative standards) and legal provisions (independent editorial units of a legal text). One of the most developed theories of the interpretation of law, the derivative theory of M. Zieliński, however, also includes the postulate of the reconstruction of the entire legal system as one comprehensive norm (the so-called holistic approach) in the process of applying the law. This postulate stems mainly from assumptions regarding the adopted methods of interpretation. The holistic approach has often been criticized as inadequate in pragmatic terms, but the derivative theory has not yet been thoroughly modified in this respect. In this paper, I propose to apply Wittgenstein's concept of aspect perception as providing adequate conceptual framework to describe the mechanism of identifying relevant parts of the legal norm that deals with the pragmatic inadequacy of the holistic approach, but does not affect the core of the derivative theory of interpretation. Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/31192 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/31191 The Trigger Effect: Cognitive Biases and Fake News Ostillio, Tommaso This research study focuses on the problem of populistic propaganda online. In particular, this research study provides three case studies gathered in a Facebook Group of the Italian populistic movement Movimento 5 Stelle. On the one hand, the three case studies provide three powerful counterexamples to the thesis that online media are purposeful aggregator of people. In fact, this research study finds that online media are the perfect environment for populism to thrive. For online media seem to foster the aggregation of people into groups whose main common denominator is the total refusal of anything that opposes the groups’ views. On this basis, this paper provides evidence that online media may impoverish democratic confrontation. On the other hand, this paper finds that the one of the causes of the rapid rise of populistic movements in Western countries might also be related to the problem of cognitive biases. Indeed, the case studies presented in the paper posit the existence of something that is addressed as the trigger effect, i.e. agents’ tendency to react impulsively to any kind of content that fits agent’s views about current events. Specifically, this research study finds that the activation of the trigger effect might be a direct consequence of the activation of the narrow framing bias and of the anchoring heuristic in presence of fake news. Tue, 01 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/31191 2019-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/31190 Logicznie poprawny argument tu quoque Sękowski, Piotr M. The argument tu quoque is widely called a logical fallacy. The aim of this study is to show, that this theorem is ill-considered. The text is focused on the analysis of various examples of tu quoque. This analysis leads to the conclusion that there are logically correct tu quoque. There are given some examples of such tu quoque. Main theorem of the article is that tu quoque is correct if it’s used as some kind of mental shortcut referring to other arguments. Artykuł prezentuje wybrane wyniki opisane przeze mnie w rozprawie doktorskiej pt.: „Logiczna analiza struktury i prawomocności argumentu tu quoque”, napisanej pod kierunkiem prof. dr. hab. Andrzeja Indrzejczaka w Katedrze Logiki i Metodologii Nauk Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego i obronionej 20 lipca 2017 roku na Wydziale Filozoficzno-Historycznym UŁ. Przykłady i twierdzenia zawarte w tekście wybrałem spośród zebranych w pracy doktorskiej. Niektóre przeredagowałem, żeby uwypuklić najważniejsze w kontekście artykułu zjawiska. Mon, 01 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/31190 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z