http://hdl.handle.net/11089/4368 Mon, 13 Apr 2026 19:03:10 GMT 2026-04-13T19:03:10Z https://dspace.uni.lodz.pl:443/bitstream/id/fd8cddf4-19a1-496c-83cc-e8c54e240140/ http://hdl.handle.net/11089/4368 http://hdl.handle.net/11089/4541 Konsekwencje eksternalistycznego sposobu rozumienia znaczeń wyrażeń językowych oraz treści stanów mentalnych Markiewicz, Alicja Semantic externalism is one of the most popular and thoroughly discussed standpoints in the contemporary philosophy of language. Briefly speaking, it is a position which claimes that the meanings of linguistic expressions or contents of mental states depend on the nature of beings that exist in the real world and on the language practices of the community. In the paper I present briefly views of the most famous representatives of externalism: Saul Kripke, Hilary Putnam and Tyler Burge, and present typical objections against semantic externalism. Opponents of this position pay attention not only to the limitation of Kripke's and Putnam's causal theory of reference, but also attempt to prove that the meanings of linguistic expressions or the contents of mental states depend on the biological and psychological characteristics of the individual. I point out the ontological and epistemological consequences of externalism resulting from the adoption of this standpoint, and also try to identify the main merits and difficulties of this position. Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/4541 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/4538 "Ściana jest niema, a drzwi przemawiają" (G. Simmel). Kilka uwag o topografii spotkania Podstawski, Michał "Meeting" is one of these concepts, which in the most recent philosophy have received significant meaning. In some interpretations it is the instruction to "meet" – so to establish the unmediated relation with the Other – is the factor, which allows to break free from the pressure of the "Hegelian bite" and problems resulting from it. It turns out that the ennoblement of the subject made by the German idealism in fact limited the reality only to its exteriorisation – and thus put into question the possibility of reaching the reality, including the reality of other people. "Meeting" would be the bridge thanks to which this reach (again) becomes possible. However, it seems that speaking about the "meeting" we still too rarely think about the prerequisites, which must be met, so that the subject can open itself to accept the Other. This is an important analysis because, first of all, it allows to judge whether the whole project of the postphenomenological philosophy can be defended in the practical perspective, and secondly – it is a key indicator that allows the further development of the human thought. It turns out that for the elementary human experience the "meeting" is not an excess, and the opening to what is unusual is the natural element of the existence of human cultures. And this instruction should be used in today's philosophizing – in order to overcome the basic aporias of modernity with its edge. Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/4538 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/4536 Deformacja i pozorność dialogu w kontekście quasi-relacji społecznych Brzozowski, Tomasz Tadeusz This text covers a wide range of problems in social relationships. In the Author's opinion, a present social reality doesn't allow deeper contacts between people. Current understanding of the concept of the dialogue, reduces it to negotiations or communication acts. But none of them isn't a suitable substitute of the dialogue with its richness of a sense. The present time is characterized by superficiality of relationships in societies. Instead of the dialogue, we deal with only quasirelationship. People haven't lost ability of reflective and critical reception of their life and they can't feel existence of others as someone important, unique and indispensable for a proper and authentic meeting. In the dialogue, everybody shapes a meeting as momentous event. Different understanding of the depth this concept, can lead up to reduction of relationships in modern society. Misinterpretation of the dialogue concept makes our life common, mediocre, trashy. The article analyzes a moral condition of modern society and points at possible and existing threats in a field range of people's relationships. Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/4536 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/4532 Heideggerowski zwrot: jedność bycia i nieantropocentryczna filozofia człowieka Hoły-Łuczaj, Magdalena The article aims to show that one of the most important manifestations of Turn in the philosophy of Martin Heidegger is a change of the ontological status of beings other than human. Transformation of Dasein into Da-sein (which takes place in Heidegger's works written between year 1930 and 1936) is accompanied by the recognition of being of other beings, "things" (concrete individuals, animate and non-animated). While in "Being and Time", other entities are considered "lower" than the man, and unlike him, not "are", but only "are-handy" or "mere-live", "What is a Thing?" (and even already "Introduction to the Metaphysics") indicates the unity of being. This does not mean the rejection of the specificity of the human being as Da-sein. Only thanks to human being – not just his own, but also of other beings – is no longer hidden. The specific nature of man according to Heidegger, however, does not entitle him to dominate other beings and treated as a subordinate. Thus I consider late philosophy of Heidegger as non-anthropocentric. Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/4532 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z