http://hdl.handle.net/11089/4905 Sun, 05 Apr 2026 17:37:47 GMT 2026-04-05T17:37:47Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/9345 Pomoc publiczna jako instrument wspierania polskich przedsiębiorstw w okresie kryzysu finansowego Stępniak-Kucharska, Anna Economic crises affect all micro- and macroeconomic areas. Particularly vulnerable to unfavorable changes are enterprises where crisis situations are present. They are reflected by falling sales and profitability, increased debt, decreased liquidity and creditability, and inability to pay obligations. In situations of crisis enterprises are often unable to cope with these problems on their own. Then, the state helps enterprises with “soft financing”. The purpose of this paper is to present the state support for entrepreneurs in times of economic crisis in Poland between 2000 and 2010. This paper will be subject to verify three research hypotheses: 1. In a period of recession the intensity of state aid is increasing. 2. Economic crisis leads to changes in financing of state aid – increasing the share of passive forms. 3. Economic downturn leads to reallocation of state aid trends – increase the importance of aid for rescue and restructuring, as well as R&D (R&D&I) and the labor market. Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/9345 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/9344 Trwałość konwergencji nominalnej w Polsce z perspektywy uczestnictwa w Unii Gospodarczej i Walutowej Szymańska, Agata This article examines sustainability of nominal convergence in Poland and the ability of the Polish economy to operate in the EMU. Particular attention is paid to the determination of the reference value for price stability and the stability of long-term interest rates. The article proposes several alternatives for them. The analysis shows that Poland has great difficulty in meeting the criterion for price stability and budget deficit. The article also analyzes the sustainability of convergence in the euro area countries during the economic crisis. The assessment of stability of convergence criteria in the euro area may have a significant implications for countries with a derogation. Emphasis is put to sustainability of public finance. The analysis shows that if Poland manages to stabilize inflation in terms of nominal convergence criteria, it may prove to become a prospective candidate for participation in the euro area. Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/9344 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/9343 Kryzys gospodarczy a kształtowanie się kursu złotego wobec euro i dolara amerykańskiego w latach 2008–2012 Bukowski, Sławomir I.; Bukowska, Joanna E. The results of Polish zloty rate of exchange forming against the EUR and USD in the period of economic recession and financial crises factors influence. The speculation attack against Polish zloty in the second part of 2008, depreciation of EUR against USD, higher rate of inflation in Poland in comparison t the euro area and USA were the main factors, which influence depreciation of Polish zloty against EUR and USD in the period of 2008–2012. Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/9343 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/9342 Ocena poziomu rozwoju GOW w Polsce w ujęciu sektorowym oraz według metodologii Knowledge Assesement Methodology Skórska, Anna The article presents the possibilities and limitations of evaluation of knowledge-based economy development by selected methodologies. From the perspective of labor market, structural approaches play an important role, They are related to these areas of the economy, which were found to be so called KBE drivers, such as high-tech industries and knowledge-intensive services (KIS). The main objective of this article is the evaluation of KBE development in Poland, with particular emphasis on changes in employment in high technology industries and knowledgeintensive services, which are the drivers of knowledge-based economy, in comparison with other European Union coun21tries. To achieve this objective, the following three topics are explored: 1) nature of GOW 2) development of high-tech industries and knowledge-intensive services (KIS) analysis, 3) evaluation of knowledge-based-economy development in Poland according to sectoral approach and KAM methodology. Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/9342 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z