http://hdl.handle.net/11089/5858 Wybrane problemy w gospodarce światowej pod redakcją Janusza Bilskiego i Agnieszki Dorożyńskiej Sun, 05 Apr 2026 20:56:17 GMT 2026-04-05T20:56:17Z https://dspace.uni.lodz.pl:443/bitstream/id/881668c1-17ac-4e82-89b4-6c8846051306/ http://hdl.handle.net/11089/5858 http://hdl.handle.net/11089/7595 Liberalizacja przepływu kapitału w ramach Północnoamerykańskiego Porozumienia o Wolnym Handlu Midera, Anna The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) goes beyond the classical definition of the free trade agreement. The Treaty of NAFTA incorporates some additional clauses concerning the liberalization of movement of capital, services and labour. The article emphasizes that liberalization process of capital in NAFTA arise due to many regulations which are contained in the treaty. Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/7595 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/7594 Motywy interwencji walutowych jako instrumentu polityki walutowej władz monetarnych Konarski, Marcin Central banks are using foreign exchange interventions as a special tool for extraordinary situations on FX market to achieve specified goals of monetary policy. This paper focuses on description and definition of foreign exchange intervention, methods of interventions with an emphasis on the goals of interventions under different currency regimes. Monetary authorities are intervening on foreign exchange market to achieve a variety of macroeconomic objectives like controlling inflation, maintaining competitiveness but mostly when changes of the domestic currency can be danger for stability of economy or danger for financial stability. Specific motives for intervention are like to change with the level of economic development and changes of currency regimes. Foreign exchange interventions are effective in short-run but they are not independent tool. Their effectiveness depends also on coordination of currency policy and macroeconomic policy. Foreign exchange interventions should be supported by other monetary regulations to influence exchange rate, dampen exchange rate volatility or supply liquidity to foreign exchange markets. Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/7594 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/7592 Przezwyciężanie stagnacji gospodarczej w Japonii Buczkowski, Bogdan The Japanese economy is in its best shape after decade of stagnation thanks to relatively high external demand and various measures it has introduced aimed at further liberalizing its trade and investment regimes. A sustained recovery would appear to hinge on continued structural reforms with regard to the financial and corporate sectors, competition policy, pensions and agriculture. The upturn has been led by business investment, reflecting the progress in restructuring and rising profits from exports. China has played an important role accounting for a third of the increase in Japanese exports during past two years. The are several elements in the world economy that remain unclear and make the foundation for the Japanese economy no much solid. Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/7592 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/7591 Dylematy ujęcia ryzyka w teorii ekonomii Klimczak, Karol Marek The article aims to define reasons for the failure of economic theory to account for risk and uncertainty. It is shown, that risk conflicts with the basic assumption of main stream economics - rational behaviour. On the other hand, any attempts to develop a theory that would explain the influence of risk and uncertainty lead to theories of low predictive and applicative value. A sample of theories is presented and their methods of treating risk are discussed in the article. The discussion leads to conclusions as to future research into economic theory of risk. Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/7591 2008-01-01T00:00:00Z