http://hdl.handle.net/11089/5893 Sat, 04 Apr 2026 03:01:42 GMT 2026-04-04T03:01:42Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/5916 Obchody Święta Niepodległości jako forma aktywności opozycji politycznej w Łodzi 1978–1988 Lesiakowski, Krzysztof Anniversary celebrations and other fests and festivals comprise on a great part of existence each society. They are fundaments of national identity. For this reason, in post-war Poland communistic authorities tried to monopolize this part of life. However, leading their own ceremonials was not as effective as they expected. In the end of ’70s and during all ’80s of XX c., counterweight for communistic authorities in this domain was political opposition. If it came to celebrations of national anniversary, occurrence of compete between those, who had the power and political opposition also had a place in Łódź. In this context, particular meaning had the 11th of November – Independence Day – which symbolized resistance of nation to defeat and ability of uprising and triumphal overcoming of historical cataclysm. On the grounds that, it was possible to draw an analogy to polish reality on the latest dozen years of communistic dictatorship. Considering the problem in the Łódź district, it is visible that, in whole struggle which leaded to restitution the meaning of anniversary of Independent Day, characteristic was Józef Piłsudski figure. On the whole, opposition groups were ideologically differential, and what is interesting, the group of followers of Piłsudski was not the strongest. Józef Piłsudski became the symbol of patriotic devotion and commitment in motherland good. Consequently, it is natural, that all opposition groups in Łódź district, tried to build their own political identity based on fame of Piłsudski, without reference to their ideological provenance. Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/5916 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/5915 Działalność polityczna Jerzego Michała Potockiego w latach 1776–1789. Kariera przedstawiciela opozycji w dobie współrządów królewsko-ambasadorskich Anusik, Zbigniew Jerzy Michał Potocki (1753 – about 1801) is known mainly as an diplomat, envoy and minister of the Polish Republic in Stockholm (1789–1795). But it is to emphasize that even before he was a well known person on the Polish political scene. The descendent of an old senatorial family which members in majority were enemies of the new king of Poland, Stanisław August Poniatowski, from the early youth was connected to the anti-royalist opposition. Excellent colligations and owed fortune were the factors which facilitated the beginnings of his political career. He went the way typical for magnates connected to opposition who were born in the fifties of the 18th century. He participated in many Seymiks where he competed with king’s protagonists. From the end of the seventies he attended in the subsequent Diets where he adopted oppositional attitude towards policy of the king and the royalist party. Thanks to help of his wealthy and well connected cousin, Stanisław Szczęsny Potocki, he obtained a parliament seat on the Great Diet (1788–1792) where he was bounded up with the oppositional, anti-royalist party. Thanks to the winning of the opposition in the beginnings of the Great Diet and the support of his own family he obtained a post of Polish envoy in Stockholm. It was a reason which forced Jerzy Michał Potocki to leave the Great Diet long before the end of its term. Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/5915 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z