The defeat of Poles in the struggles for independence in the nineteenth century caused a wave of repression, many participants of the fights were arrested and were sent to Siberia by Tsarist prisons. They came to live in ...

Saint Petersburg is the former capital of the Russian Empire; currently, it belongs to the largest Russian cities and is regarded as the symbol of the bygone era of powerful Tsars. Back then, the city attracted various ...

The purpose of my article was to consider Kazimierz Chłędowski in the context of other Polish travellers from the mid-nineteenth century. 19th century was a time of increased travelling and also time of increased number ...

Presented article deals with the problem of sporting life and other forms of physical activity of the Polish political exiles who after the November Uprising took refugee in Britain. Refering to various sources, the author ...

Despite the slow revitalization of spa culture as early as the 18th century, it flourished in the 19th century in a medical context. It was then that science, fashion and rapidly developing communication caused that many ...

The man’s situation has changed little over the centuries. He did not have to emancipate himself. In the nineteenth century, the Polish traditional model of the patriarchal family was in force, in which the man, as a pater ...