http://hdl.handle.net/11089/2749 2026-04-14T19:34:46Z 2026-04-14T19:34:46Z Grzeszkiewicz-Radulska, Katarzyna http://hdl.handle.net/11089/5544 2021-07-08T08:20:11Z 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z

Respondenci niedostępni w badaniach sondażowych Grzeszkiewicz-Radulska, Katarzyna

2009-01-01T00:00:00Z Kubiak, Anna http://hdl.handle.net/11089/5543 2018-02-01T11:17:39Z 2009-01-01T00:00:00Z

Od Redakcji (tekst prowadzający do tomu XII - Analizy i próby technik badawczych w socjologii) Kubiak, Anna

2009-01-01T00:00:00Z Lutyńska, Krystyna http://hdl.handle.net/11089/3811 2018-02-01T11:18:45Z 1989-01-01T00:00:00Z

Niektóre społeczne uwarunkowania stereotypu chłopa wśród łódzkich robotników Lutyńska, Krystyna The main hypothesis was that the forming of stereotypes is strongly influenced – apart from other factors – by certain biographical traits. Analysed were relationships between the valence of the stereotype of a peasant and such traits as the social background (father’s occupation), possessing a family and acquaintances in the country, and “contacts with the country”. It was found that such relationships existed – as evidenced by a much higher percentage of persons having the positive stereotype of a peasant among the respondents who were children of peasants and/or had “contacts with the country” – than among those whose parents were not peasants and/or who did not have families in the country and/or did not, keep “contacts with the country” (the respective percentages were: 68%, as against 56%, 67%, as against 48%, and 70%, as against 48%). It was also found that certain circumstances, such as helping in the agricultural work in the country (e.g. in the harvest) contributed to the formation of the positive stereotype of a peasant (72% of persons had such a stereotype among those “helping in the agricultural work” as against only 66% among those “not helping”). Other circumstances, though, such as helping peasants in settling different kinds of business in the city (particularly in the sale of meat) were favouring the formation of a negative stereotype (34% of persons had such a stereotype among those “helping peasants in the city” as against only 9% ' , among those “not helping”). Studied was also the influence of respondents’ opinions about “where the life is better – in the country or in the town”. Among 116 persons, 45% replied that the life was “much better” in the country and 26% thought that it was only “a little better”. (The rest gave other replies). There was a relationship between the kind of opinion concerning the degree of “superiority” of the country life and the kind of the stereotype of a peasant; there was also a relationship between having “contacts with the country” and the opinion that the country life was a “little better” on the one hand, and between lack of such contacts and the opinion that the country life was “much better”, on the other. The highest percent of persons with a negative stereotype of a peasant (52%) was found among those respondents who showed a cumulation of two factors: the lack of contacts with the country, and the conviction that the country life was “much better” (among these persons the number of those with a positive stereotype was lowest as it amounted to 36% only). Similarly, the highest per cent of persons having the positive stereotype (83%) appeared in another category of respondents, viz. among those who also showed the cumulation of two factors: “contacts with the country” and the conviction that the country life was only “a little better” (only 6% of them had a negative stereotype). So, “contacts with the country” or the lack of such contacts influence the emergence of a stereotype of an appropriate valence in an indirect manner, i.e. through eliciting – or not eliciting – an opinion about the degree of superiority of the country life – which opinion contains, less or more jealousy of peasants’ “richness”. Respondents substantiated their opinion about the superiority of country life by pointing to the following circumstances: peasants have their own flats, luxury objects, property, they are independent, and privileged; their work is nowadays quite easy, they sell food illegally and at very high prices and live in comfort. It was found that there existed weak relationships between some of these categories of substantiation and the valence of the stereotype of a peasant.

1989-01-01T00:00:00Z Daniłowicz, Paweł http://hdl.handle.net/11089/3810 2018-02-01T11:18:44Z 1989-01-01T00:00:00Z

Dwie procedury badania stereotypu Daniłowicz, Paweł The study deals with the comparison of the results obtained by means of the open procedure with those obtained using the closed one. Both procedures were used in the research of stereotypes of a typical representative of each of three occupational groups: peasants, clerks and workmen. The open procedure consisted in asking respondents an open-ended question which set them the task to enumerate the traits of a typical X (a peasant, a clerk, a workman). The closed procedure consisted in the application of 30 bipolar scales by means of which the respondents indicated the intensity of traits attributed to a typical X. The combination of the results was done by elaborating the replies to the open-ended question on the basis of the traits used in the bipolar scales. In using these traits as categories of the coding key for structuring the spontaneous utterances of respondents, one applied the principle of synonymity. In this manner obtained were 76 categories of traits, of which 60 were the traits taken from the bipolar scales – 16 categories of traits being the new ones in relation to the scales. Respondents whose replies contained the traits belonging to these 16 categories were excluded from the analysis. The purpose of the comparison was to establish concordance versus discordance of the results obtained by means of two research procedures. The results of the application of two procedures were considered concordant when a given respondent in his reply to the closed question (i.e. on the scale) indicated such an intensity of the trait given by him earlier in his reply to the open question, which did not altered the meaning of that trait. All the remaining results were considered discordant. Discordances are a complex category and among them were distinguished two kinds: contradictions and inadequacies. As contradictions were regarded those cases in which a respondent, after having given in his reply to the open-ended question a certain trait, indicated such an intensity of it on the scale as to alter its meaning. Discordances called inadequacies were those cases in which a respondent ascribed the value zero on the scale to the trait given in his reply to the open-ended question. The unit of analysis in the study was a relation, within the pair of traits, between the trait given by the respondent in his reply to the open-ended question and the one ascertained on the basis of the closed question (on the scale). This approach made it possible to construct a typology of respondents in respect of the relations between traits. Most numerous were respondents in whose replies all traits were concordant (61% as regards the stereotype of a peasant, 39% of a clerk and 64% of a workman); respondents whose replies contained both concordant and discordant traits constituted 27% (stereotype of a peasant), 32% (stereotype of a clerk) and 21% (stereotype of a workman); among such respondents most frequently only one trait was discordant. The third type of respondents were those in whose replies all traits were discordant; they constituted 12%, 23% and 12% for, respectively, stereotypes of a peasant, a clerk and a workman. Further analysis concerning the set of traits showed that with the increase of the number of traits enumerated by respondents there increased the number of cases of concordance. Analysed were also the relationship between the valence of traits and their discordance; it turned out that discordance was related with negative traits, i.e. respondents who mentioned negative traits in reply to the open-ended question, in their next reply to the question with scales most frequently “retracted” them; the contrary cases being very rare.

1989-01-01T00:00:00Z