http://hdl.handle.net/11089/45358 2026-04-09T13:56:37Z 2026-04-09T13:56:37Z Siwek, Katarzyna Krupa, Robert Mrożek, Andrzej Ciach, Jacek Urbańska, Jagoda Suchanecka, Małgorzata http://hdl.handle.net/11089/45905 2023-02-14T02:22:32Z 2023-01-16T00:00:00Z

Anatomical variations of the flexor carpi ulnaris in the fetal period Siwek, Katarzyna; Krupa, Robert; Mrożek, Andrzej; Ciach, Jacek; Urbańska, Jagoda; Suchanecka, Małgorzata Introduction: The Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (FCU) is a part of the palmar the forearm muscle group and one of the most important muscles for upper limb functioning - is responsible for flexion and adduction of the hand at the radio-carpal joint. There are clinically significant but rare anatomical variations of FCU. The variability of the FCU has not been described up to now, and no typology of the muscle based on its more variable terminal attachment has been created.Aim of the study: Determination of FCU muscle typology based on available fetal material.Material and methods: A total of 114 human fetuses (53 female, 61 male) between 117 and 197 days of fetal life were eligible for the study. Preparations were carried out using classical anatomical techniques based on a previously published procedure. Thanks to that significant anthropometric landmarks were visible for the gathering of metric measurements. Metric measurements were taken and statistically analysed using R-Project software.Results: A new typology was created based on variable muscle insertions. Additionally, the presence of an atypically located, additional, separated muscle belly was described. A comparison of measurements of the left upper limb in relation to the right upper limb showed significant differences for forearm length to the anthropometric point of the stylion radiale, limb length, total FCU length and FCU length which means that the left limb is longer than the right limb. A comparison of FCU insertion types between left and right upper limb showed there’s no significant difference between counts of each type.Conclusion: The FCU is a muscle that is easy to palpate and may therefore act as a topographical marker for healthcare professionals. Knowledge of its variability is not only of theoretical importance but also has clinical significance. The current publication demonstrates presence of variability in FCU terminal attachment. Certainly, this topic requires further research and continued work on a detailed understanding of forearm anatomy in the fetal period.

2023-01-16T00:00:00Z Nieczuja-Dwojacka, Joanna Borowska, Beata Marchewka-Długońska, Justyna Budnik, Alicja Dąbrowski, Paweł Kurc-Darak, Bożena Grzelak, Joanna http://hdl.handle.net/11089/45904 2023-02-14T02:22:27Z 2023-01-16T00:00:00Z

Differences in lifestyle between students of medical and biological fields of study in Poland Nieczuja-Dwojacka, Joanna; Borowska, Beata; Marchewka-Długońska, Justyna; Budnik, Alicja; Dąbrowski, Paweł; Kurc-Darak, Bożena; Grzelak, Joanna Students are a specific social group characterized by different lifestyle behaviours.The aim of the study was to determine whether there are lifestyle differences between students of medical and biological fields from three different universities in Poland.The research material consisted of answers from 1163 students (781 women and 382 men), aged 17.5– 26.0 from the medical faculty of the Wroclaw Medical University, biological faculties of the Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw and the University of Lodz. The survey included questions regarding gender, socio-demographic situation, lifestyle and eating habits. Students also provided height and weight data, which was used for BMI calculation. Chi-square test and one-way ANOVA were used to indicate differences in BMI between students and to estimate differences in lifestyle between students from three different university centres.Medical students exhibited significantly lower BMI values compared to students from other academic centres. They also more often reported doing additional sports and assessed their overall level of physical activity significantly higher compared to students from other academic centres. Biology students reported to sleep longer and being more exhausted compared to medical students. Biology students tended to drink sugar-sweetened beverages and eat fast-food significantly more often than medical students. Students from the medical faculty in Wroclaw reported to smoke cigarettes less often compared to students from non-medical study. There were no significant differences in other studied factors, such as the use of alcohol, snacking between the meals and consumption of energy drinks.Overall, students of medical fields reported a healthier lifestyle compared to their peers from biological faculties, although this was not consistent for all examined factors.

2023-01-16T00:00:00Z Bisiecka, Agata Romero-Reverón, Rafael http://hdl.handle.net/11089/45903 2023-02-14T02:22:31Z 2023-01-16T00:00:00Z

Prevalence of wormian bones worldwide: a critical review Bisiecka, Agata; Romero-Reverón, Rafael Wormian bones (WB) are the irregular bone structures developed from additional centers of ossification. Although they are commonly found in healthy individuals, under certain conditions (number >10, mosaic pattern, large size), they can indicate pathology. While their coexistence with numerous diseases is well-documented, and various studies have reported their prevalence in populations of various geographic regions, no qualitative critical review of such studies has been conducted. The aim of this paper is to perform a critical review of research studies on the presence of Wormian bones in populations worldwide, with a particular emphasis on the methodology used and the selection of the samples studied.A sample of 44 original research articles was selected via PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Four criteria were assessed: 1) number of individuals in each group, 2) known sex of individuals, 3) selection criteria of individuals, and 4) implementation of the statistical analysis. The origin of the research sample was determined as well as the method of the WB calculation, and data on the WB prevalence worldwide was collected in tabular form.The reported size of the research samples varies from 22 to 628 individuals, derived from both contemporary and archaeological populations. Four major formulas were used in order to provide the frequency of WB. The sex of individuals was known in 18 (40.9%) articles. Most of the articles focused on Asian samples.The difficulties in comparing data on the Wormian bones are caused by considerable inconsistency in the methodology used to research this phenomenon. Therefore, the interpopulation comparisons currently made may not be correctly estimated. Our study highlights the need for using more comprehensive and consistent data collection as well as processing protocol suitable for populational research on sutural bones.

2023-01-16T00:00:00Z Vats, Harsh Saxena, Ruchi Sachdeva, Mohinder P. Walia, Gagandeep K. Gupta, Vipin http://hdl.handle.net/11089/45901 2023-02-14T02:22:25Z 2023-01-03T00:00:00Z

Maternal risk factors associated with term low birth weight in India: A review Vats, Harsh; Saxena, Ruchi; Sachdeva, Mohinder P.; Walia, Gagandeep K.; Gupta, Vipin Low birth weight is one of the leading factors for infant morbidity and mortality. To a large extent affect, various maternal risk factors are associated with pregnancy outcomes by increasing odds of delivering an infant with low birth weight. Despite this association, understanding the maternal risk factors affecting term low birth weight has been a challenging task. To date, limited studies have been conducted in India that exert independent magnitude of these effects on term low birth weight. The aim of this review is to examine the current knowledge of maternal risk factors that contribute to term low birth weight in the Indian population. In order to identify the potentially relevant articles, an extensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Goggle Scholar and IndMed databases (1993 – Dec 2020). Our results indicate that maternal age, educational status, socio-economic status, ethnicity, parity, pre-pregnancy weight, maternal stature, maternal body mass index, obstetric history, maternal anaemia, gestational weight gain, short pregnancy outcome, hypertension during pregnancy, infection, antepartum haemorrhage, tobacco consumption, maternal occupation, maternal psychological stress, alcohol consumption, antenatal care and mid-upper arm circumference have all independent effects on term low birth weight in the Indian population. Further, we argue that exploration for various other dimensions of maternal factors and underlying pathways can be useful for a better understanding of how it exerts independent association on term low birth weight in the Indian sub-continent.

2023-01-03T00:00:00Z