http://hdl.handle.net/11089/20096 2026-04-03T20:15:07Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/35805 Tematyka wartości z perspektywy psychologicznej — przegląd teoretyczny Waszkiewicz, Adrian Andrzej The paper attempts to recognize the values from the psychological perspective. It focuses on the description of this multifaceted concepts and attempts to define and operationalize the values and their systems together with hierarchies and indicate their impact on individuals and society. Paper tends to subjective analysis and individual approach to values. It describes their meaning and importance for the proper human mental development and their impact on achieving optimal well-being. Paper presents theories of value in conceptualization of Scheler, Rokeach, Kluckhohn and Schwartz and attempts to identify integrative approach and the application of the values theory in axiotherapy 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/35804 Problem śmierci i samobójstwa w filozofii Henryka Elzenberga Kasperek, Anna The questions of death and suicide have been discussed in philosophy and religion since the antiquity. In the polish philosophy these topics were analyzed by Henryk Elzenberg. His pessimistic point of view was determined by poetry of Leonte de Lisle. Elzenberg took inspirations also from Buddhist thought and existential philosophy. According to Elzenberg, the death is liberation from the body prison. He accepted individual suicide. Suicide is a kind of a social watchman, last institution where suffering man can find his support. 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/35803 Płeć jako arche, czyli czy według Arystotelesa możliwa jest zmiana płci? Sowa, Joanna According to Aristotle’s views presented in his logical works and Metaphysics, sex appears to be an essential attribute of the genus animal, and maleness and femaleness are a pair of contrary qualities, although it is not quite clear what sort of contrariety Aristotle understands the contrariety of sex to be. As qualities admit of variation of degree, and in the case of contraries there are possible changes from one into the other, in this article I address the question if the sex of an individual animal can also be changed into the opposite one. In De generatione animalium Aristotle describes sex as arche — arche of generation, but also arche of every animal’s external appearance and generative ability. Aristotle applies this term to two body parts, which he presents as factors determining sex: the heart as an origin of natural heat, and, above all, the genitals. In the case of males, destruction of the latter, i.e. castration, is depicted as a sex change, because the male becomes like the female in respect of external form and lack of generative power. As change in the other direction is impossible, we can conclude that the contrariety of sex seems to be, according to Aristotle, an opposition of possession and privation. 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/35802 Wie das Absolute ich Dazu Führt, Dass Eine Quae Quaestum Corpore Exercent ihr Gewerbe Nicht für Ihren Eigenen Genuss, Sondern Lediglich für den Gewinn Betreiben Kann. J. G. Fichtes Überlegungen zur Ontologie der Weiblichkeit Małecki, Wiesław Perspektywa historii seksualności — jak sugeruje M. Foucault — wydaje się użyteczna także do rozpoznania roli Erosa w filozofii Fichtego jako przykładu rozpowszechnionego w wieku XVIII szerokiego zainteresowania ludzką seksualnością. Zainteresowania, które w przypadku Fichtego miało szczególny cel. Jeśli bowiem przyjrzymy się jego przemyśleniom na temat miłości trudno będzie tam szukać czegoś, co wykraczałoby poza uprawomocnienie racjonalności natury. Miłość nie nadchodzi tutaj nieoczekiwanie, nie wyraża się we własnym języku, zaś czułość i zmysłowość erosa wyrastają raczej z odpowiedzialności i służby samopoświęcenia. Także w kwestii przezwyciężenia oświeceniowego paradygmatu myślenia o kobiecie Fichte zawodzi. Choć należałoby być może unikać takiej jednoznaczności, biorąc pod uwagę szczególny charakter niektórych jego dzieł, jak wczesnych i mało znanych prób poetyckich, czy noweli Dolina kochanków pisanej niewątpliwie w duchu romantyzmu. Nie może zatem zaskakiwać, że J. W. Goethe nie tylko nazywał Fichtego filozofem-artystą, lecz także istotną inspiracją dla tak zwanego "romantyzmu jenajskiego".; The perspective of the history of sexuality, as suggested by M. Foucault, seems to be useful for the recognition of Eros in Fichte's philosophy as an element of the 18th Century widespread interest in human sexuality. An interest which, however, had a specific purpose. If one looks at the shape of his own thoughts about love, it is still difficult to find any motives that go beyond the legislation of the rational nature. Love did not come here to the people unexpected, it does not have any separate dialect here, and the sensitivity and sensuality of Eros are based more on the responsibility and the duty of self-sacrifice. Fichte also failed to overcome the Enlightenment paradigm in thinking about the woman. However, this review should not be definitive, in view of the peculiar character of Fichte's work, like his little-known early poetic attempts or the novella The Lovers’ Valley, certainly written in the spirit of Romanticism. It should therefore come as no surprise that for J. W. von Goethe Fichte not only rapidly becomes an artist-philosopher, but in particular a great inspiration behind the so-called "Jena Romanticism". 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z