http://hdl.handle.net/11089/20444 2026-04-03T18:49:52Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/21834 Subiektywizm i problemy egzystencjalne w "Zapiskach Maltego Lauridsa Brigge" Reinera Marii Rilkego oraz w "Godzinie prawdziwych odczuć" Petera Handkego Majcher, Piotr This article analyses The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge (1910) by Rainer Maria Rilke and A Moment of True Feeling (1975) by Peter Handke, aiming to demonstrate that the protagonists of the two works are trying to overcome existential problems through the subjectivist perception of reality. The article demonstrates how Rilke and Handke referred to subjectivity in their works listed above. The comparison of The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge and A Moment of True Feeling reveals Handke’s attitude to the concept proposed by Rilke. 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/21833 Antynomie ludzkiej kondycji w "Marchołcie" Jana Kasprowicza Podstawka, Anna Marchołt occupies an individual position in the literary output of Jan Kasprowicz. This drama was created in stages during a couple of years’ time, being entirely published only in the year 1920; wholly absorbing the artist until the end of his life. The multidimensional issue layer of the work was subordinated to a dramatic convention of mystery and is formed in the style of a morality play, with typical for the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, syncretic treatment of medieval religious theatres. An intrinsic key to deciphering Marchołt is to treat it as a synthesis of outlook changes and of the poet’s dilemmas, as an attempt of holistic presentation of the antinomies prescribed to the human condition. Kasprowicz constantly wrestled with the mystery of human existence, with characters’ vocation and with their life tracks since birth until death, pinpointing human inborn creation towards good and people’s plunging into sin, the spiritual and corporeal nature, the desire for freedom and entangling in illusions of happiness. He did not manage, however, to fully realize his drama inspirations and theatrical ambitions, in a „tragico-comic mystery” about Marchołt stopping halfway, signaling the direction of trespassing pessimistic and decadent anthropology. The true reconciliation will take place only in the poetic Book of the Poor (Księga ubogich), finding its completion in My world (Mój świat). Since the creation of Marchołt model, he tightly clings to rationalism of the contemporary civilization, being unable to accept its finiteness, the poet evolves affirmation of life synchronizing with nature, reconciling with himself and God, finding the long-awaited harmony of the universe. 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/21832 Syndrom Charouska. Tomasza Judyma problemy z tożsamością Samborska-Kukuć, Dorota Karolina In literary studies, Judym, the protagonist of Ludzie bezdomni, is usually treated as a social activist fixated on the mission to improve the world. However, such interpretation is not exhaustive because the character’s behaviour, not always rational and sensible, is a result of his beliefs and worldview. His identity problems, which pose the principal difficulty for him and which are the driving force of his actions, are rooted in his inferiority complex, born and developed on the foundation of his dysfunctional upbringing with an alcoholic father and later his aunt, a prostitute. Aversion to his familial heritage makes Judym a profoundly emotionally repressed man, unable to cope with life and emotional relationships. Understanding these difficulties helps readers to see the character’s alienation and motivations, which he would like to be considered as “paying the debt” he owes to the social group from which he came. 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/21831 Rozterki modernistycznego (nie)istnienia – „ja” entropiczne w prozie Stanisława Przybyszewskiego Badowska, Katarzyna The author declares Stanisław Przybyszewski as one of the precursors of the modern recognition of subject as a broken entity, aware of internal contradictions, and therefore unable to constitute itself, unreconciled with being, turning into and enemy of itself. The Young Poland writer portrayed as an exponent of ontological uncertainty that characterised thinking about man and the world throughout the twentieth century. Analysing works from different stages of his career, the author finds that their heroes are not an aftermath of the epidemic of pessimism, but a reflection of a deeper anthropological crisis, one that lead, after Przybyszewski’s death, through Sartre’s existentialism to the postmodern proclamation of “death of the subject.” The author also indicates that Przybyszewski’s characters suffer from vagueness and elusiveness of their own selves, until they lose the sense of self, experiencing a crisis of rationalism and plunging into the cultural matrix. 2016-01-01T00:00:00Z