http://hdl.handle.net/11089/2443 2026-04-11T07:26:01Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/2644 Problemy instytucjonalizacji etyki w dziedzinie służby zdrowia Kubka, Janina; Vasiljeviene, Nijole Life in good health and health security prove the most significant values highlighted by moral philosophy in the time of the environmental crisis. The imperfect operation of healthcare poses a threat for humans. Administrative measures regulate insufficiently medicine and healthcare. They need to be backed up by ethics, which cannot be seen solely as ethics of an individual’s conscience. What is needed is professional, practice-oriented and institutionalized-within-healthcare-organizations ethics. Recently, there have appeared a great number of new international documents setting standards of medical procedures in compliance with the requirements of the new bioethical values. At the same time elements of the ethical infrastructure such as bioethics commissions or committees have been created. In the face of the specificity and the complexity of ethical issues and problems encountered within contemporary medical practice the requirement of high ethical competence of all healthcare workers often fails to be sufficient. 2008-05-15T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/2634 Rzecz o edukacyjnym kłamstwie Śliwerski, Bogusław; Kobierski, Konrad The subject of the analysis is within the category of an educational lie. According to Maria Ossowska, this might be understood as either a justified or permitted misleading of someone, or the maintaining an illusion for either one’s own or another’s sake. Looking at different categories of these distortions of truth, we find that they are used not only for a child’s upbringing or the benefit of the topic, but for withholding or modifying the information about the reality or educational concept. Cheating is an example of an educational lie and it combines someone’s opinion with truth, but would be falsely incompatible with factual knowledge and truthful understanding. Pupils who cheat mislead the teacher and, in the instructor’s ignorance, are led to believe that those pupils have, in fact, knowledge reflected in the exam. Likely the teacher is being cheated as well the student for different reasons. The educational lie has another dimension (when we take into account the sham activity) the quasi teaching or the pseudo-education. This occurs when educators/teachers offer their pupils/clients something different from what should be. The pretence takes place along with the authentic process of learning or completing educational tasks. 2008-05-15T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/2633 Etyka w pracy audytora wewnętrznego Krawczyk, Marzena; Sekuła, Piotr Internal audit provides an independent and objective opinion to the Board on risk management, control and governance, by measuring and evaluating their effectiveness in achieving an organisation’s agreed objectives. It also provides an independent and objective consultancy service to help line management improve the organisation’s processes. Internal auditors should respect in their work some ethical rules, especially these included in the Code of Ethics formed by the IIA. This code is intended to clarify the standard of conduct expected from all members of the internal audit unit. The main four principles that should be observed are as follows: integrity, objectivity, competency and confidentiality Being ethical in internal audit is necessary in order to win the trust of the environment in which auditors work. However, declaring one’s readiness to respect the Code of Ethics is not enough. Much more important is to implement and comply with given rules in carrying out audit duties. 2008-05-15T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/2632 Prawda w mediach Zanussi, Krzysztof It used to be that if some message came from an oral source, its weight depended on reliability of the one who had transmitted it and on the one who had heard it. If, on the other hand, something was printed it intrinsically became credible. Democratization of access to print and similar democratization of media, apart from its undoubtedly positive side, brings also a negative novum – it encourages everyone to speak freely. It is impossible to talk about truth in media, or truth in any other sense, and not relate to the fashionable nowadays in the humanities the vanquisher of Marxism – called postmodernism. This very movement in its popular form sows the seeds of fear of all who proclaim the existence of objective truth or, what is worse, absolute truth. They caution that the supporters of this truth will introduce it by force, so we are in danger of facing totalitarianism, fundamentalism and dark dictatorship. It is uncertainty that drives people to violence. Those who have something to hold on to are more unaffected by despair. The fanatics are often recruited from those who are adrift. Less often from those with a questing mind. But in order to seek one needs to believe that truth exists. Even if it were always incomplete and imperfect in the form in which we are able to assimilate it. To the charges that every certainty leads to violence, I reply that most frequently it is the opposite. It is fear and feeling adrift that drive people to the false certainty. Whoever believes that truth exists will easier accept that he will never grasp it. In the very important debate that was conducted some years ago, the fear of fundamentalism was juxtaposed with the fear of nihilism. I see the latter as a greater threat. 2008-05-15T00:00:00Z