http://hdl.handle.net/11089/5058 2026-04-10T17:24:10Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/52544 Who Bears the High Costs of Mental Health Problems in the Labour Force? Żółtaszek, Agata The prevalence of mental conditions is high and tends to increase in the population and for young people, in particular, which indicates that the problem of mental health in the workforce will be growing at a fast pace. The cost generated by the health issues of the economically active, which is already alarmingly immense, will increase in the long term. Hence, this paper aims to investigate the complex relationship between mental health and work as well as to assess the detrimental socioeconomic consequences of mental disorders in the workforce to various sets of market participants. The results indicate that (1) workers with mental conditions impair productivity and the work environment impacts mental health; (2) mental health problems generate enormous costs for the economy and society, employers and employees; (3) the indirect burden of mental disorders vastly outweighs the direct cost – total cost of mental conditions to the global economy will reach US$ 6 trillion by 2030, i.e. more than cancer, diabetes and chronic respiratory disease combined. It seems evident that addressing the mental health of the labour force in the workplace and, broader, in society is essential for improving productivity and reducing the economic burden associated with mental health disorders. 2024-06-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/44627 Cross-Country Variation in Economic Preferences and the Asset Composition of International Investment Positions Nieminen, Mika; Kuziemska-Pawlak, Kamila A stylized fact of international capital markets is that advanced countries tend to be long and developing countries short in risky assets (i.e., portfolio equity and foreign direct investment (FDI)). In other words, residents of advanced countries hold a larger stock of portfolio equity abroad than residents of developing countries, and firms in advanced countries have more foreign subsidiaries than firms in developing countries. This paper is the first to utilize a large-scale international survey on economic preferences to propose a behavioral explanation for the heterogeneity in the asset composition of international investment positions. We provide robust empirical evidence that countries with a high time preference (i.e., patience) or a high risk preference (i.e., risk-taking) tend to have a positive net international investment position and a positive net risky position. In addition, we show that countries with a high degree of negative reciprocity (e.g., willingness to punish for unfair action) tend to have a positive net FDI position. Overall, our findings suggest that preferences are important determinants of cross- country variation in net foreign asset positions. 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/43438 The Net Effect of Wealth on Health for Non-Communicable Diseases Olejnik, Alicja; Żółtaszek, Agata The wealth–health relationship is not unambiguous and constant. Indeed, a higher level of wealth affects individual and population health in two opposite ways. Increased risk factors raise the probability of some diseases especially non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Conversely, better healthcare and awareness reduce the chances of developing these diseases or raise the likelihood of treatment and cure. Therefore, the overall impact on health or the ‘net effect’ of wealth (positive or negative) may be challenging to determine. Moreover, this effect may not be fixed for different income groups. Thus, it states to reason that there may exist an ‘affluence point’ changing the predominant impact of wealth (positive/negative), which we will refer to as the ‘health economic threshold’. This paper aims to assess and quantify the hard-to-grasp overall impact of prosperity on the mortality of selected NCDs in European regions. In particular, we attempt to estimate both the net effect of affluence and the health economic threshold of GDP-mortality relationship, by developing a dedicated analytical tool. The original idea is based on joinpoint regression and forecasting methods. To our knowledge, no such study has been performed in health economics. Our results show that in the case of most investigated diseases in more impoverished regions, mortality rises with prosperity. After crossing the health economic threshold of around 20 thousand euros per capita, the trend changes (it stabilises or reverses). 2022-09-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/41803 Model specification, data selection, and the employment effect of minimum wage Stawiński, Paweł; Majchrowska, Aleksandra This study aims to show that the effect of minimum wage on employment highly depends on the model specification. To verify this hypothesis, we use a publicly available dataset on employment and minimum wage from the article of Dube et al. (2010) for US counties in 1990–2006. We replicate the minimum wage employment equation using different model specifications and data subsets to deduce the empirical distribution of the minimum wage parameter. In addition, we verify the relationship between the sample size and the significance of the estimated minimum wage parameter. Our research confirms that the specification of the econometric model determines the results of the minimum wage employment relationship. Different model specifications lead to different results and are incomparable. The results show that allowing for differences in the time trends in different survey areas nullifies the relationship between minimum wage and employment. This was observed only in a few counties, so it was difficult to find a statistically significant relationship at the country level. In addition, our study shows that data selection has no significant impact on the results. 2022-05-01T00:00:00Z