http://hdl.handle.net/11089/5660 2026-04-03T19:01:45Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/7389 Grób podwójny z cmentarzyska Piaski, gm. Kleszczów, woj. piotrkowskie, a niektóre zagadnienia obrządku pogrzebowego kultury przeworskiej Olędzki, Marek The article contains a presentation of the burial from Przeworsk-culture cemetery of Piaski near Bełchatów, which is interesting due to its form. The burial in question was richly equipped with objects, which for their most part can be easily dated (Tabl. III, IV, V, VI). They were submitted to careful typological and chronological analysis the result of which was presented in Table I. The burial equipment was fully of the so called male- -sex indicator character while the analysis of bone material would rather point that a woman and a man were buried in it. Such a situation is know from other Przeworsk-culture cemeteries in which similar burials containing fragments of both men and women were discovered. Many scholars would account for it as a form of offering from the life of widows for their diseased husbands. In turn, burials containings remains of adults and children were supposed to testify to offerings of children for their parents. The author, analyzing extensive data sources provided by burials from Przeworsk-culture cemeteries analyzed anthropologically (Tab. II), tries to prove that genesis of collective burials including double burials as the discussed grave at Piaski should not be sought in human offerings. An argument in this case may be among others, the type of eqipment having characteristics of the archeological sex indicator. Oftentime in burials with remains of women and men the equipment in its character points exclusively that a woman was buried there. That is also confirmed by the burial from. It was also discovered that in graves of adults and children the equipment is not connected with an adult at all. These and other arguments, such as e.g. differentiated combination of sexes and age of persons buried in collective graves (Tabl. III) make it necessary to seek for other causes than human offerings which led to development of collective burials. 1984-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/7388 Dokumentowanie dna zbiorników wodnych terenów zabytkowych Czochański, Marian; Kośka, Tadeusz Inland waters to be found on geodetically documented historical sites are usually represented in the form of shore-line contours sometimes supplemented by quotation of the water level in the day of measurement. The authors, however, draw attention to the fact that cartographically pictured bottom of such water reservoirs may provide plentiful and valuable information for archaeologists allowing to compile more conclusions and a correct interpretation of "visible" landscape elements. It may also be useful in designing projects of protection, exposition, restauration or development of a historical site. On the example of the early-mediaeval city - Kiszewski Castle, Stara Kiszewa district in Gdansk Province, the authors are discussing problems connected with field surveying operations and present variants of cartographicstudies in the form of cross-section of hydrometrie superimposed sections and contour plans of the bottom in the examined water reservoirs on this archaeological position. 1984-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/7387 Uwagi do pracy M. Czochańskiego i T. Kośki Dokumentowanie dna zbiorników wodnych terenów zabytkowych Grzelakowski, Andrzej 1984-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/7386 Próba rekonstrukcji pradziejowego środowiska przyrodniczego Grzelakowska, Elżbieta The aim of this article is to present different possibilities of reconstructing the primaeval natural environment on the example of Tuchola Forests as well as the extent to which such reconstruction is possible. It is an obvious fact that ecology exerts an influence on development of social formations, economy types, and the cultural development degree. That is why in researches carried out by archaeologists there are appearing more and more frequently attempts at superimposing the occuring cultural changes on the background of the natural environment conditions in which these changes were taking place. Before proceeding to the reconstruction of the primaeval environment it was necessary to get acquainted with the present conditions prevailing in Tuchola Forest, their geology, geomorphology, fauna and flora. This was followed by analysis of materials provided by pallnological analyses performed on archaeological positions in the area of Tuchola Forest (Obrowo, Iwiec, Cisy Staropolskie, Siwe Bagno, Smoldziny Turbary, Stawek Lake, Odry), and those from the neighbouring areas and belonging to the same geobotanical country (Fletnowo, Radowiska Małe, Mielno near Lipno). The data gathered in this way allowed to reveal changes in the natural environment occuring with the lapse of time. They also allowed to note the dominance of the pine-tree in this area for at least the last 5000 years. The preserved relics of fauna and flora coming from the reservations in Tuchola Forest allowed to trace the big diversity of habitats to be found here and connected with ecological conditions corresponding to them. The paleobotanical analysis of macrofragments produced rather poor data since in the area in question there is known only one position examined by means of this method (Odry)• These scarce data allowed to determine a strong •correlation between vegetation and geonorphology in this area as well as the time from which changes produced by man's activity should be reckoned with. These changes are more noticeable In the South-Western part of Tuchola Forest where more fertile soils were attracting groups of people earlier and where differentiated natural environment was undergoing bigger changes. These scarce data sources considerably restricted the reconstruction, but despite it such reconstruction seems to be useful in analysing changes In the human settlement process in this area. 1984-01-01T00:00:00Z