Analizy i próby technik badawczych w socjologii T. 05

Weryfikacja zewnętrzna informacji uzyskanych w wywiadzie kwestionariuszowym

Wed, 01 Jan 1975 00:00:00 GMT

Weryfikacja zewnętrzna informacji uzyskanych w wywiadzie kwestionariuszowym Koniarek, Jerzy Results of external verification of two kinds of information obtained by means of questionnaire interviews in methodological investigations conducted in Włocławek in 1973 are presented. Each kind of information was verified by using a different method. In Part I are presented the results of verification of 7 questionnaire questions, among which 6 related to opinions. Information on the same topics obtained through in-depth interviews was used as a verification criterion. An in-depth interview was used along with an interview about an interview which constituted part of the method permitting to precisely characterize and evaluate the quality of the answers given by respondents. Part II presents the results of verification by means of the data contained in the files of work establishments and relating to 11 information items obtained in questionnaire interviews. The items concerned: the year and place of birth, educational level, number of completed training courses, the year in which the respondent started his work, level of wages in June, number of days of absence at work (warranted and unwarranted), number of late arrivals to work as well as of penalties and rewards recorded in the files. Discrepancies between interview answers and the files which appeared most frequently (30% of respondents) related to the numbers of days of absence at work and the numbers of late arrivals to work. These discrepancies not always indicate a contradiction between the information obtained in interview and the reality as the file records cannot be treated as absolutely reliable. By comparing answers about wages with the corresponding data from the files it was ascertained that 57% of respondents tended to overstate their wages by over 100 zlotys. This tendency is contrary to the findings presented by K. Lutyńska in the study contained in the present volume. It is recommended to apply simultaneously the less and more reliable methods of verification in order to evaluate the quality of the former methods as they can be used much more frequently than the latter.

Zastosowanie testów psychologicznych do oceny osób odpowiadających na pytania w wywiadzie kwestionariuszowym

Wed, 01 Jan 1975 00:00:00 GMT

Zastosowanie testów psychologicznych do oceny osób odpowiadających na pytania w wywiadzie kwestionariuszowym Dudek, Bohdan; Kietliński, Ryszard In order to assess the degree of confidence with regard to the results obtained in questionnaire interviews, a researcher may measure the appropriate traits of respondents which influence the validity of their answers. On the basis of saturation of a given group of respondents with such traits, a researcher may estimate the quality of their answers obtained in interviews. It was assumed that the basic traits which are likely to disturb the validity of answers, are: 1° poor vocabulary, 2° a predisposition to show off, 3° a predisposition to answer the questionnaire questions without thinking over their contents. Three tests were prepared to measure these traits: 1° a test of the vocabulary (V), 2° a test of lying (L), 3° a test of dummy, or “sleeper” questions (D). The basic hypothesis was formulated, as follows: respondents showing a high level on the score of the V-test, and low scores on the L-test and D-test are giving correct answers more frequently than those having the opposite scores. The hypothesis was corroborated in methodological investigations conducted in Włocławek in 1973. Coefficients of correlation between particular scores and the numbers of correct answers (A) are surprisingly high: rVA=0,65, rLA=0,40, rDA=0,53.

Możliwości i sposoby oceny stopnia trudności pytań kwestionariusza

Wed, 01 Jan 1975 00:00:00 GMT

Możliwości i sposoby oceny stopnia trudności pytań kwestionariusza Rostocki, Włodzimierz Andrzej Results of the methodological investigations conducted in Włocławek in 1973 are used. By difficult questions are understood such ones as occasion many disturbances in the process that leads to an appropriate answer, the source of these disturbances being the limited intellectual ability of respondents. With the use of the data on the numbers of disturbances, a hierarchy of difficulty of the questions employed in the above–mentioned investigations was established. Comparison of this hierarchy with the test scores of respondents has led the conclusion that the degree of difficulty is determined to much extent by the degree of knowledge of a vocabulary, the latter depending on the educational level. Next, the efficiency of three methods of predicting the degree of difficulty, for a given group of respondents, is verified: 1° the method using the data on the percentage of irrelevant answers, 2° the method of judges, 3° the method of question analysis according to the model of inner reactions of a respondent to a questionnaire question. The best result was obtained with the use of the latter method: the Spearman coefficient of rank correlation between the empirical measure of difficulty (number of disturbances) and the ranking obtained by means of the latter method, attained the value 0,84, its significance level being p <0,05.

Wywiad o wywiadzie jako metoda otrzymywania informacji reakcji wewnętrznej respondenta na pytanie kwestionariusza

Wed, 01 Jan 1975 00:00:00 GMT

Wywiad o wywiadzie jako metoda otrzymywania informacji reakcji wewnętrznej respondenta na pytanie kwestionariusza Przybyłowska, Ilona The interview about an interview is discussed as one of the ways of verifying respondents’ answers. Such interviews were used in the methodological investigations conducted in Włocławek in 1973. The above mentioned interviews were based on the standardized list of the desired information, and were conducted by student interviewers, subjected to intensive and long training. By means of those interviews, information about processes leading to the answers to 7 questions of the basic questionnaire was collected. The list of information elements was constructed on the basis of a detailed model of inner reactions of a respondent. Evaluation of the quality of answers obtained was done, using as a criterion, the types of psychological processes that were appearing in the course of interviewing in respondents. Analysis of the application of this method has shown its efficiency: by means of this method it was possible to evaluate the quality of 80% of all the answers. Lacunae of information may be ascribed most often, to the interviewers who were not always skillful enough in interviewing about an interview. Limitations of this method are as follows: 1° in spite of the measures undertaken to secure the standardization of coding procedure, it was not possible to avoid certain number of arbitrary coding decisions; 2° the basis of evaluation was the information about psychological experience of respondents, given by themselves only, and therefore burdened with all the shortcomings of the introspection. Improvement of an interview about an interview is proposed aiming at the elimination of some of its shortcomings.