http://hdl.handle.net/11089/55991 Fri, 03 Apr 2026 19:13:58 GMT 2026-04-03T19:13:58Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/56014 European spatial strategies and local development in Central Europe WILLIAMS, Richard H. This paper argues that development of loca! planning strategies must take into account the recent growth of spatial policy-making at the scale of Europe as a whole. This is especially em1 1hasised in the case of the former communist countries of Central Europe and is illustrated with reference to Poland, the German-Polish border and other parts of the Baltic region. The context of EU enlargement and future integration of Central Europe is outlined to argue the importance in this context of the difference between Central and Eastern Europe. The paper also refers to new powers under the Maastricht Treaty concerning spatial policy, to networking and to the changing spatial structure of Europe. Fri, 30 Jun 1995 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/56014 1995-06-30T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/56015 The impact of nine social groups on socio-economic development in Eastern and Central Europe FUGLSANG, Lars; PEDERSEN, John Storm This papier applies stucture-actor analysis to prsent changes in Eastern and Central Europe. While stuctural analysis helps to identify broad economic potentials, the actor-oriented approach is important as method to analyse options and barries for matching these potentials at the micro level. This is especially important in the economy with fluctuations and high level of uncertainty. Based on a preliminary contextual bottom-up analysis of social groups in Eastern and Central Europe, the paper identifies nine actor groups and their resources. Fri, 30 Jun 1995 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/56015 1995-06-30T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/56013 European boundaries in spatial research RYKIEL, Zbigniew An extensive overview of concepts of boundaries is made in the paper. Concepts of 'natura!' versus 'artificial' boundaries are discussed. The analysis of the relation between the notions of boundary, limit and border is provided and the concept of sovereignty analysed. The investigation of the functions of boundaries are pointed to. A link is made between the concepts of the boundary and spatial barriers. The 'eros i on' of European boundaries is analysed. The processes of the liquidation of frontiers, as well as the transformation of borders and boundaries are discussed. Mai n factors of change in the functions of European boundaries are identified. The development of different types of European trans-border regions is pointed to. Fri, 30 Jun 1995 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/56013 1995-06-30T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/56012 The implications for the informal sector of European Union integration WINDEBANK, Jan; WILLIAMS, Colin C. This article explores the implications of European Union (EU) integration for the informal sector. Using evidence from numerous empirical studies of individual localities throughout · he EU, the informal sector is revealed to rei n force the disparities produced by the formal sector. In consequence, any increase in inequalities in the formal sphere resulting from the Single European Market will be accentuated by the informal sector. Since further state spending on social provision at EU or national level is unlikely, for social progress and justice to be achieved, we advocate the harnessing of the informal sector in order to meet welfare needs, particularly of those groups and areas marginalised from the employment sphere. Fri, 30 Jun 1995 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/56012 1995-06-30T00:00:00Z