http://hdl.handle.net/11089/5957 <b>Gegenwart und Geschichte in komplementärer Relation</b> Thu, 09 Apr 2026 02:35:44 GMT 2026-04-09T02:35:44Z https://dspace.uni.lodz.pl:443/xmlui/bitstream/id/46fc96bd-710c-44e1-95f5-0c1294008fa6/ http://hdl.handle.net/11089/5957 http://hdl.handle.net/11089/9927 Gegenwart und Geschichte verschiedener Übersetzungen desselben Originals in komplementärer Relation Plęs, Łukasz According to Savory’s conception, one of the paradoxes regarding the translation of literature lies in translating literature works in such a way that the texts reflect the author’s contemporary language and, on the other hand, that the language of the translation could be perceived as a contemporary one to the translator and, accordingly, to the readers. On the one hand, the texts are witnesses of their epoch, on the other hand, the language considered to be too outdated can become a formidable obstacle to gain contemporary readership. If it comes to translation of non-contemporary texts, the translators attempt to make compromises consisting of a partial introduction of obsolete expressions. The language of the translation becomes outdated as the original itself, therefore, new translations of literature works occur, albeit the classical translations are almost regarded as indigenous literature. In the opinion of the author of the present article, the coexistence of many translations of the same work allows the readers to gain a unique insight into various aspects of the original, namely because of their contemporary relationship. Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/9927 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/9926 Johann Christian August Heyse i jego następcy – o ważnym słowniku purystycznym Lipczuk, Ryszard In Germany a number of dictionaries of foreign words as lexemes were created (often called Fremdwörterbücher). The author cites about 460 dictionaries of foreign borrowings from the period 1800–2007. Dictionaries of borrowings can be divided into three categories: (1) (explanatory) dictionaries of foreign words that do not have the objective of eliminating borrowed words (expressions), but describe them in a neutral manner (German name: Fremdwörterbücher or erklärende Fremdwörterbücher), (2) Germanising dictionaries whose main purpose is to eliminate the use of foreign words and replace them with native words (Verdeutschungswörterbücher). There are suggested word replacements for foreign lexemes, and the lexeme citation is devoid of grammatical and phonetic information (or information is restricted to a minimum), (3) Germanising and explanatory dictionaries: mixed form: here there is a description of the foreign code (e.g. grammatical description, pronunciation, etymology) (German name: erklärend-verdeutschende Wörterbücher or Fremdund Verdeutschungswörterbücher), but also proposals to replace some borrowings with German equivalents. In this latter category we include the dictionary which is the subject of this article; that of Johann Christian August Heyse (1st ed.: 1804, 21st ed.: 1922). Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/9926 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/9925 Zur Gegenwart und Geschichte der Forschungen zu deutschen lexikalischen Entlehnungen im Polnischen Marek, Rafał The article presents research into borrowings from German to the Polish language. That research was initiated in the 19th century. German lexical borrowings were linked to other linguistic issues, such as morphology, syntax, phonology or semantic field theory. The most important researcher of German borrowings in Polish were Aleksander Bruckner, Leszek Moszyński, Ludwik Zabrocki, Wilhelm Kästner, Alicja Karszniewicz-Mazur etc. The article is a critical analysis of the most significant publications on this subject. Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/9925 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/11089/9924 Valenzdynamik historisch gesehen Żytyńska, Małgorzata This paper presents the aspect of the dynamics of the verb valency and discusses the question of valency grammar. There are two primary conditions that cause the valency to change: grammatical (in the diachronic view: Tesnière 1959, 1980, Sadziński 1989) and contextual (Růžička 1978, Nikula 2003, Storrer 1992, Agel 2000). The point of this discription is to define changes of valency and to rank them in order to simplify the use of German constructions. Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/11089/9924 2013-01-01T00:00:00Z