| dc.contributor.author | Pawlak, Mirosław | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2015-12-17T10:48:14Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2015-12-17T10:48:14Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2011 | |
| dc.identifier.citation | M. Pawlak, Text reconstruction activities and teaching language forms, [in:] FLOW. Foreign Language Opportunities in Writing, eds. J. Majer, Ł. Salski, Łódź University Press, Łódź 2011, p. 21–40. | pl_PL |
| dc.identifier.isbn | 978-83-7525-564-5 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11089/15694 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Even though there is a broad consensus that teaching language forms is facilitative or even necessary in some contexts, there are still disagreements concerning, among other things, how formal aspects of the target language should be taught. One important area of controversy is whether pedagogic intervention should be input-oriented, emphasizing comprehension of the form- meaning mappings represented by specific linguistic features or output-based, requiring learners to produce these features accurately in gradually more communicative activities. The present paper focuses on the latter of these two options and, basing on the claims of Swain‘s (1985, 1995) output hypothesis, it aims to demonstrates how text-reconstruction activities in which learners collaboratively produce written output trigger noticing, hypothesis-testing and metalinguistic reflection on language use. It presents a psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic rationale for the use of such tasks, discusses the types of such activities, provides an overview of research projects investigating their application and, finally, offers a set of implications for classroom use as well as suggestions for further research in this area. | pl_PL |
| dc.language.iso | en | pl_PL |
| dc.publisher | Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego | pl_PL |
| dc.relation.ispartof | “FLOW. Foreign Language Opportunities in Writing”, eds. J. Majer, Ł. Salski, Łódź University Press, Łódź 2011; | |
| dc.title | Text reconstruction activities and teaching language forms | pl_PL |
| dc.type | Book chapter | pl_PL |
| dc.rights.holder | © Copyright by Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, Łódź 2011 | pl_PL |
| dc.page.number | [21]-40 | pl_PL |
| dc.contributor.authorAffiliation | Adam Mickiewicz University, Kalisz. | pl_PL |
| dc.contributor.authorBiographicalnote | Professor Mirosław Pawlak received his doctoral and postdoctoral degrees from Adam Mickiewicz University in 1999 and 2006, respectively. He is now Head of the Department of English Studies at the Faculty of Pedagogy and Fine Arts in Kalisz of Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland, and Head of the Institute of Modern Languages of the State School of Higher Professional Education in Konin, Poland. His main areas of interest are SLA theory and research, form-focused instruction, classroom discourse, learner autonomy, communication and learning strategies, individual learner differences and pronunciation teaching. His recent publications include “The place of form-focused instruction in the foreign language classroom” (2006, Kalisz–Poznań: Adam Mickiewicz University Press) and several edited collections on learner autonomy, language policies of the Council of Europe, form-focused instruction and individual learner differences. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Allwright, R. L., Woodley, M. P. and J. M. Allwright. 1988. “Investigating reformulation as a practical strategy for the teaching of academic writing”. Applied Linguistics, 9. 236-256. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Byrnes, H. (ed.). 2006. Advanced language learning: The contribution of Halliday and Vygotsky. London: Continuum. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Cohen, A. D. 1983. “Reformulating second-language compositions: A potential source of input for the learner”. ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 228 866. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Cohen, A. D. 1989. “Reformulation: A technique for providing advanced feedback in writing”. Guidelines: A Periodical for Classroom Language Teachers, 11. 1-9. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Cook, G. and B. Seidlhofer (eds). 1995. Principles and practice in applied linguistics. Studies in honor of H. G. Widdowson. Oxford: Oxford University Press. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Cumming, A. 1990. “Metalinguistic and ideational thinking in second language composing”. Written Communication, 7. 482-511. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Davies, A., Criper, C. and A. Howatt (eds). 1984. Interlanguage. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | De Bot, K., Ginsberg, R. and C. Kramsch (eds). 1991. Foreign language research in cross-cultural perspective. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Doughty, C. and J. Williams (eds). 1998a. Focus on form in classroom second language acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Ellis, R. 2001a. “Introduction: Investigating form-focused instruction”. In Ellis, R. (ed.). 1-46. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Ellis, R. (ed.). 2001b. Form-focused instruction and second language learning. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Ellis, R. 2006. “Current issues in the teaching of grammar: An SLA perspective”. TESOL Quarterly, 40, 83-107. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Ellis, R. 2007. “The differential effects of corrective feedback on two grammatical structures”. In Mackey, A. (ed.). (2007). 339-360. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Ellis, R. 2008. The study of second language acquisition (2nd edition). Oxford: Oxford University Press. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Ellis, R. Basturkmen, H. and S. Loewen. 2001. “Learner uptake in communicative ESL lessons”. Language Learning, 51. 281-318. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Fortune, A. 2005. “Learners‘ use of metalanguage in collaborative form-focused L2 output tasks”. Language Awareness, 14. 21–38. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Fortune, A. 2007. Collaborative focus on form: What, why, when and how?”. In Pawlak, M. (ed.). 95-108. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Fotos, S. 1998. “Shifting the focus from forms to form in the foreign language classroom”. ELT Journal, 52. 301-307. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Fotos, S. and H. Nassaji (eds.). 2007. Form-focused instruction and teacher education: Studies in honor of Rod Ellis. Oxford: Oxford University Press. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Gabryś-Barker, D. (ed.). 2008. Morphosyntactic issues in second language acquisition. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Gass, S. and C. Madden (eds). 1985. Input in second language acquisition. Rowley, MA: Newbury House. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Hammerly, H. 1987. “The immersion program: Litmus test of second language acquisition through language communication”. Modern Language Journal, 71. 395-401. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Hanaoka, O. 2007. “Output, noticing, and learning: Investigation into the role of spontaneous attention to form in a four-stage writing task”. Language Teaching Research, 11. 459-479. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Harley, B. and M. Swain. 1984. “The interlanguage of immersion students and its implications for second language teaching”. In Davies, A., Criper, C. and Howatt (eds). 291-311. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Hinkel, E. (ed.) 2005. Handbook of research in second language teaching and learning. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Jacobs, G. and J. Small. 2003. “Combining dictogloss and cooperative learning to promote language learning”. The Reading Matrix, 3. 1-15. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Izumi, S. 2002. “Output, input enhancement, and the noticing hypothesis: An experimental study on ESL relativization”. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 24. 541-577. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Izumi, S. and M. Bigelow. 2000. “Does output promote noticing and second language acquisition”. TESOL Quarterly, 34. 239-278. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Kim, Y. J. and K. McDonough. 2008. “The effect of interlocutor proficiency on the collaborative dialogue between Korean as a second language learners”. Language Teaching Research, 12. 211-234. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Kowal, M. and M. Swain. 1994. “Using collaborative language production tasks to promote students‘ language awareness”. Language Awareness, 3. 73-93. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Kramsch, C. and S. McConnell-Ginet (eds). 1992. Text and context: Cross-disciplinary perspectives on language study. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath and Company. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Krashen, S. 1985. The input hypothesis. London: Longman. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Lantolf, J. P. (ed.). 2000. Sociocultural theory and second language learning. Oxford: Oxford University Press. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Lantolf, J. P. 2006. “Sociocultural Theory and L2: State of the art”. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 28. 67-109. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Lantolf, J. P. and M. Poehner (eds). 2008. Sociocultural theory and the teaching of second languages. London: Equinox Press. 189-227. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Lantolf, J. P. and S. L. Thorne. 2006. Sociocultural theory and the genesis of second language development. Oxford: Oxford University Press. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Leeser, M. J. 2004. “Learner proficiency and focus on form during collaborative dialogue”. Language Teaching Research, 8. 55-81. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Lightbown, P. 1992. “Getting quality input in the second/foreign language classroom”. In Kramsch, C. and S. McConnell-Ginet (eds). 187-197. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Long, M. H. 1983a. “Native speaker/non-native speaker conversation and the negotiation of comprehensible input”. Applied Linguistics, 4. 126-141. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Long, M. H. 1991. “Focus on form: A design feature in language teaching methodology”. In de Bot, K., Ginsberg, R. and C. Kramsch (eds). 39-52. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Long, M. H. 1996. “The role of the linguistic environment in second language acquisition”. In Ritchie, W. and T. Bhatia (eds). 413-468. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Long, M. H. and C. J. Doughty (eds). 2009. The handbook of language teaching. Oxford: Wiley – Blackwell. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Mackey, A. 2006a. “Feedback, noticing and second language development: An empirical study of L2 classroom interaction”. Applied Linguistics, 27. 405-430. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Mackey, A. (ed.) 2007. Conversational interaction in second language acquisition: A series of empirical studies. Oxford: Oxford University Press. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | McDonough, K. 2007. “Interactional feedback and the emergence of simple past activity verbs in L2 English”. In Mackey, A. (ed.) 323-338. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | McDonough, K. and W. Sunitham. 2009. “Collaborative dialogue between Thai EFL learners during self-access computer activities”. TESOL Quarterly, 43. 231-254. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Miatliuk, H., Bogacki, K. and H. Komorowska (eds.). 2005. Problemy lingwistyki i nauczania języków obcych. Białystok: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Muranoi, H. 2000a. “Focus on form through interaction enhancement: Integrating formal instruction into a communicative task in EFL classrooms”. Language Learning, 50. 617-673. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Muranoi, H. 2000b. “Focus on form through guided summarizing and EFL learners‘ interlanguage development”. Paper presented at the 39th conference of Japan Association of College English Teachers (JACET), Okinawa, Japan. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Nassaji, H. and S. Fotos. 2007. „Issues in form-focused instruction and teacher education”. In Fotos, S. and H. Nassaji (eds). 7-15. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Nabei, T. 1996. “Dictogloss: Is it an effective language learning task”. Working Papers in Educational Linguistics, 12. 59-74. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Negueruela, E. 2008. “Revolutionary pedagogies: Learning that leads to second language development”. In Lantolf, J. P. and M. Poehner (eds). 189-227. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Negueruela, E. and J. P. Lantolf. 2006. “Concept-based pedagogy and the acquisition of L2 Spanish. In Salaberry, R. and B. A. Lafford (eds.). 79-102. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Qi, D. S. and S. Lapkin. 2001. “Exploring the role of noticing in a three-stage second language writing task”. Journal of Second Language Writing, 10. 277-303. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Qin, J. .2008. “The effect of processing instruction and dictogloss tasks on acquisition of the English passive voice”. Language Teaching Research, 12. 61-82. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Park, S. 2010. “The influence of pretask instructions and pretask planning on focus on form during Korean EFL task-based interaction”. Language Teaching Research, 14. 9-26. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Pawlak, M. 2003. “Teaching formal aspects of language through conscious reflection”. In Miatliuk, H., Bogacki, K. and H. Komorowska, H. (eds.). 371-378. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Pawlak, M. 2006. The place of form-focused instruction in the foreign language classroom. Poznań –Kalisz: Adam Mickiewicz University Press. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Pawlak, M. 2007a. “An overview of focus on form in language teaching”. In Pawlak, M. (ed.). 5-26. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Pawlak, M. 2007b. (ed.). Exploring focus on form in language teaching. [Special issues of Studies in Pedagogy and Fine Arts vol. VII]. Poznań – Kalisz: Adam Mickiewicz University Press. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Pawlak, M. 2007c. (ed.). Investigating English language learning and teaching. Poznań – Kalisz: Adam Mickiewicz University Press. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Pawlak, M. 2008. “The effect of corrective feedback on the acquisition of the English third person –s ending”. In Gabryś-Barker, D. (ed.). 187-202. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Polio, J. and J. Williams. 2009. “Teaching and testing writing”. In Long, M. H. and C. J. Doughty (eds). 486-517. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Reinders, H. 2009. “Learner uptake and acquisition in three grammar-oriented production activities”. Language Teaching Research, 13. 201-222. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Ritchie, W. and T. Bhatia. (eds). 1996. Handbook of research on second language acquisition. New York: Academic Press. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Rutherford, W. 1987. Second language grammar: Learning and teaching. London: Longman. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Sachs, R. and C. Polio. 2007. “Learners‘ uses of two types of written feedback on a L2 writing revision task”. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 29. 67-100. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Salaberry, R. and B. A. Lafford (eds.) 2006. The art of teaching Spanish: Second language acquisition from research to praxis. Washington: Georgetown University Press. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Scott, V. M. and M. J. de la Fuente. 2008. “What‘s the problem? L2 learners‘ use of the L1 during consciousness-raising, form-focused tasks”. Modern Language Journal, 92. 100-113. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Sfard, A. 1998 “On two metaphors for language learning and the danger of choosing just one”. Educational Researcher, 27. 4-13. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Shak, J. and S. Gardner. 2008. “Young learner perspectives on four focus-on- form tasks”. Language Teaching Research, 12. 387-408. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Storch, N. 1998. “A classroom-based study: Insights from a collaborative text reconstruction task”. ELT Journal, 52. 291-300. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Storch, N. 2002. “Patterns of interaction in ESL pair work”. Language Learning, 52. 119-158. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Sullivan, J. and N. A. Caplan. 2004. “Beyond the dictogloss: Learner-generated attention to form in a collaborative, communicative classroom activity”. Working Papers in Educational Linguistics, 12. 65-89. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Suzuki, W. and N. Itagaki. 2009. “Languaging in grammar exercises by Japanese EFL learners of differing proficiency”. System, 37. 217-225. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Swain, M. 1985. “Communicative competence; Some roles of comprehensible input and comprehensible output in its development”. In Gass, S. M. and C. G. Madden (eds.). 235-253. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Swain, M. 1995. “Three functions of output in second language learning”. In Cook, G. and B. Seidlhofer (eds.). 125-144. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Swain, M. 1998. “Focus on form through conscious reflection”. In Doughty, C. and J. Williams (eds.). 64-81. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Swain, M. (2000. “The output hypothesis and beyond: Mediating acquisition through collaborative dialogue”. In Lantolf, J. P. (ed.). 97-114. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Swain, M. 2005. “The output hypothesis: Theory and research”. In Hinkel, E. (ed.). 471-483. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Swain, M. 2006. “Languaging, agency and collaboration in advanced language proficiency”. In Byrnes, H. (ed.). 95-108. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Swain, M. and S. Lapkin. 1995. “Problems in output and the cognitive processes they generate: A step toward second language learning”. Applied Linguistics, 16. 371-391. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Swain, M. and S. Lapkin. 2002. “Talking it through: Two French immersion learners‘ response to to reformulation”. International Journal of Educational Research (Special issue on the role of interaction in instructed language learning), 37. 285-304. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Swain, M. and S. Lapkin. 2007. “The distributed nature of second language learning: Neil‘s perspective”. In Fotos, S. and H. Nassaji (eds.). 73-86. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Swain, M., Lapkin, S., Knouzi, I., Suzuki, W. and L. Brooks. 2009. “Languaging: University students learn the grammatical concepts in French”. Modern Language Journal, 93. 5-29. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Thornbury, S. 1997. “Reformulation and reconstruction: Tasks that promote ‘noticing’. ELT Journal, 51. 326-335. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Tocalli-Beller, A. and M. Swain. 2007 “Riddles and puns in the ESL classroom: Adults talk to learn”. In Mackey, A. (ed.). 143-167. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | VanPatten, B. 1996. Input processing and grammar instruction. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corporation. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Wajnryb, R. 1990. Grammar dictation. Oxford: Oxford University Press. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Watanabe, Y. and M. Swain. 2007. “Effects of proficiency differences and patterns of pair interaction on second language learning: Collaborative dialogue between adult ESL learners”. Language Teaching Research, 11. 121-142. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Williams, J. 2001. “The effectiveness of spontaneous attention to form”. System, 29. 325-340. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Williams, J. 2001. 2005. “Form-focused instruction”. In Hinkel, E. (ed.). 671-691. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Wong, W. 2001. “Modality and attention to meaning and form in the input”. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 23. 345-368. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Zuengler, J. and E. R. Miller. 2006. “Cognitive and sociocultural perspectives: Two parallel SLA worlds?”. TESOL Quarterly, 40. 35-58. | pl_PL |
| dc.references | Zyzik, E. and C. Polio. 2008. “Incidental focus on form in university Spanish literature courses”. Modern Language Journal, 92. 53-70. | pl_PL |