Myśl teoretyczna o sztuce tańca w piśmiennictwie jezuickim XVII i XVIII wieku

Abstract

The achievements of a school dance seem original and valuable. It was said that: There is no one like the Jesuits for doing pirouettes. Also in France three of the ballet masters — Beauchamps, Pécour, and Dupré — worked for the Jesuits and were directors of the Royal Academy, which became later the Paris Opéra. The art of dancing, and in particular ballet, is a field, thanks to which, the distinct and unique nature of the Jesuit college theatre can be depicted against the background of the theatrical map of the 18th century. Terpsichore did not solely serve the purposes of entertainment, but was perceived as a perfect tool in the cultivating of higher values (such as science, faith, patriotism, or morality) or in the propagating of a defined model of behaviour. Such an attitude can be observed at all stages of the development of the art of dance — from ceremonial rituals, through choreographic interludes, i.e. somersaults and leaps, and full pantomimes, to completely independent ballets with plot and action. Among their propagators and creators was Gabriel Le Jay, whose treatise Liber de choreis led dance in school theatres onto a new road. In Poland from the middle of the 18th century we have four printed programmes of Jesuit performances of ballets with action. Ballets latter appeared on the boards of school theatres together with the theatrical reform and are undoubtedly a novelty in the repertoire of the middle of the 18th century. Although they are based on Baroque emblematic constructions, there can be noticed in these realisations an attempt to imitate nature and an emphasis on the artistic and imaginative form of the spectacle. These elements constitute important points in Noverre’s reform of dance. Surprisingly, when writing about dance we become aware of the overlapping history. The cultural world was changing and this was reflected in the dance or ballets of the day.