Miejska tradycja fajczarska w etosie żołnierskim. Znaleziska archeologiczne akcesoriów do palenia tytoniu w kontekście żołnierzy stacjonujących na Wawelu w Krakowie
Streszczenie
Tobacco smoking for soldiers in the modern period was not only a relaxing function,
but also a specific therapeutic therapy. This plant has long been perceived through the prism
of a therapeutic herb (herba panacea) recommended as a universal medical preparation. The
culture of smoking tobacco in a pipe has achieved a high degree of development, especially
in the Habsburg Empire and the later Austro-Hungarian state, which can be confirmed by archaeological
finds of utensils related to this period. Interpretation of the historical context
of such sources very often indicates that their users were the military community, which, especially
during the Austro-Hungarian domination, was stationed in large numbers in an extensive
network of forts and barracks, often located in urban areas. Krakow was an example of such an
urban center, being one of the key military bases. The most important point of defense of the
fortress built in Krakow was the Wawel Hill, which in 1848 was officially transferred to the barracks
for Austrian troops. Archaeological research carried out at Wawel in the years 1948–2011
led to the discovery of the most numerous collection of modern pipes in Lesser Poland. The
most magnificent are the finds of stub-stemmed pipes and porcelain utensils, which constitute
the material trace of the presence of Austrian and Austro-Hungarian troops in the 19th century
and at the beginning of the 20th century. These works prove that among the soldiers stationed
at Wawel, high-quality marked pipe bowls, produced in various workshops operating in the
countries of the Habsburg Empire and later Austro-Hungary, were very popular. The soldiers
indulged in tobacco smoking also in another variant of bowls, which is known as the Café-type
pipe. The appearance of this type of accessories was related to the 19th century fashion, popular
especially among the burghers of Central Europe, which popularized the so-called „Café
culture”, which consists in spending free time drinking coffee and smoking pipes in city cafes.
Porcelain pipes are also present in the assortment of 19th century smoking accessories used
by soldiers. Their characteristic remains are porcelain bowls and water bags made of the same
material. With a high degree of probability, this type of utensils recognized at Wawel are fragments
of the armorial pipes, which were given as souvenirs to soldiers leaving the service in the
Krakow citadel. The remains of pipes identified in the context of soldiers stationed at Wawel
Hill reflect the attachment of this community to the tobacco addiction, which was practiced
in accessories referring to the Eastern European model of smoking. Tobacco was valued not
only for its relaxation values, but also played an important role in the process of healing and
mental rehabilitation of soldiers, as evidenced by the large number of finds of pipes in the areas
of the buildings of the former garrison hospital. Moreover, the influence of the urban smoking
culture is noticeable, which inspired the use of some customs and practices of spending free
time with the pipe among soldiers, the best example of which are the discovery of Café-type
pipes on the Wawel Hill.
Collections
Z tą pozycją powiązane są następujące pliki licencyjne: