Dyplomacja i wywiad Wielkiej Brytanii wobec Japonii 1939-1941

Abstract

Between the signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and the Japanese attacks on Pearl Harbor and Malaya, British Empire remained focused on the conflict with Germany and Italy. The aim of London's actions in East Asia at that time was to prevent war with Tokyo. The subject of my research is the examination of the role of diplomacy and intelligence in shaping Britain's policy towards Japan between August 23, 1939 and December 7, 1941. After the signing of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact British made efforts to stabilize relations with Japan. After the French surrender the Great Britain’s position deteriorated significantly. Tokyo's attitude towards London then worsened, and the British government – contrary to the advice of the Foreign Office – decided to adopt a policy of limited concessions. Following the Tripartite Pact London adopted more uncompromising approach towards Tokyo, in line with the recommendations of British diplomacy. However, London remained fearful of a potential agreement between the Tripartite Pact signatories and Moscow. According to the Foreign Office, the key factor in improving the position of the British Empire was to expand cooperation with Washington. After the Operation Barbarossa Moscow became an ally of the British, which significantly improved the latter’s situation. At the same time, London completely handed over the initiative to Washington on the issue of policy in East Asia. In the autumn of 1941, the British noticed some signs of an impending crisis, but the scale of the aggression that eventually took place was not foreseen.