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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Impact of municipal and industrial wastewater on river catchment water quality

dc.contributor.authorMatuszewska, Dominika
dc.contributor.authorKiedrzyńska, Edyta
dc.contributor.authorKiedrzyński, Marcin
dc.contributor.authorZalewski, Maciej
dc.date.accessioned2025-11-27T09:21:51Z
dc.date.available2025-11-27T09:21:51Z
dc.date.issued2025-11
dc.identifier.issn0169-7722
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11089/56789
dc.description.abstractDue to the environmental threat posed by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), these compounds are included on the priority substance lists of both the U.S. EPA and the European Union. Monitoring their sources is therefore crucial for protecting aquatic ecosystems. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the PAH content of municipal and industrial wastewater and its transport and distribution along the Pilica River continuum, the largest left-bank tributary of the Vistula River. The highest PAH loads to the Pilica River were discharged by class IV municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs); this was related to the volume of WWTP outflow, and the composition of treated wastewater, which was dominated by phenanthrene (PHE), pyrene (PYR) and naphthalene (NAP). Among industrial sources, the fruit and vegetable processing sector contributed the most PAHs, while the furniture sector showed the greatest variation in PAH composition. Despite the large PAH loads carried along the Pilica river continuum, none of the identified concentrations in the tested samples exceeded the standards contained in Directive 2013/39/EU of the European Parliament and Council. Furthermore, among all sample types, the emission of PAH loads peaked in the autumn-winter period; the samples also demonstrated common correlation patterns, indicating common sources and similar environmental properties. A key innovation of the study is its holistic approach, i.e. it treats the entire river basin as a unified research system. This perspective enables better understanding of PAH transport, retention, and degradation processes, which are essential for assessing ecological risk and developing effective pollution management strategies.pl_PL
dc.description.sponsorshipThe research was conducted as part of the Farmikro Project, funded entirely by the National Science Centre, Poland, Opus 22 (Project No. 2021/43/B/ST10/01076).pl_PL
dc.language.isoen_USpl_PL
dc.publisherElsevierpl_PL
dc.relation.ispartofseriesJournal of Contaminant Hydrology;104781
dc.rightsUznanie autorstwa 4.0 Międzynarodowe*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectPAHspl_PL
dc.subjectmunicipal wastewater treatment plantspl_PL
dc.subjectindustrial plantspl_PL
dc.subjectPilica River catchmentpl_PL
dc.subjectEcohydrologypl_PL
dc.subjectwastewaterpl_PL
dc.titlePolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Impact of municipal and industrial wastewater on river catchment water qualitypl_PL
dc.typePreprintpl_PL
dc.page.number61pl_PL
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationUniversity of Lodz, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jana Matejki 21/23, 90-237 Lodz, Polandpl_PL
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationEuropean Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tylna 3, 90-364 Lodz, Polandpl_PL
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationUniversity of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, UNESCO Chair on Ecohydrology and Applied Ecology, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Polandpl_PL
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationUniversity of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Biogeography, Paleoecology and Nature Conservation, Banacha 1/3, 90-237 Lodz, Polandpl_PL
dc.identifier.eissn1873-6009
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dc.contributor.authorEmail* d.matuszewska@erce.unesco.lodz.pl **e.kiedrzynska@erce.unesco.lodz.plpl_PL
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104781
dc.relation.volume276pl_PL
dc.disciplinenauki biologicznepl_PL
dc.disciplinenauki o Ziemi i środowiskupl_PL


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