Zastosowanie narzędzi GIS do analizy planu miasta w morfologii miast
Streszczenie
W artykule w sposób praktyczny przedstawiono możliwości zastosowania narzędzi
GIS podczas przeprowadzania analizy planu miasta pod kątem morfologicznym. Krok
po kroku scharakteryzowano poszczególne etapy takiej analizy, wskazując na korzyści,
jakie niesie za sobą wykorzystanie tychże narzędzi. Zwrócono również uwagę na mogące
pojawić się trudności i pokazano sposoby minimalizowania ich wpływu na przebieg
badań. Urban morphology is a scientific discipline which studies the external structure
(i.e. shape and physiognomy of buildings) and the internal structure (i.e. layout) of the
town, as well as the genesis and evolution of its various parts (their morphogenesis). The
main research method in urban morphology is the town plan analysis. It is based on
observation of changes in the urban space of the study area by comparing chronologically
listed town plans.
GIS tools may be applied in urban morphology at all stages of town plan analysis:
from the selection of source materials (especially archival town plans), through a proper
analysis of morphology and morphogenesis of the study area, to the presentation of the
results of these analyses. The paper shows the possibilities of using these tools. It also
identifies a number of advantages and benefits related with the introduction of GIS to
urban morphology. Attention is also paid to difficulties which may arise at each stage of
research.
It seems that rectification of archival town plans is the most troublesome task. The
older a plan is, the harder it is to register. Another disadvantage is the necessity of
arduous digitization of all archival maps. Overcoming these difficulties opens the way to
all advantages of GIS. The greatest advantage of applying GIS to the town plan analysis is the improvement
of comparison of town plans from the same area but from different periods of time.
Adding georeferences to archival maps, and converting them to one coordinate system,
facilitates unification of the scale of all town plans, and allows overlapping of one town
plan with another. In turn, the digitization of archival maps enables the introduction of
uniform signs and uniform naming for thematic vector layers in all analysed periods of
time, which facilitates tracing the evolution of the town plan.