We upgrade [3] to a complete proof of the conjecture NP = PSPACE that is known as one of the fundamental open problems in the mathematical theory of computational complexity; this proof is based on [2]. Since minimal ...

In this paper, by considering the notions of effect algebra and product effect algebra, we define the concept of effect module. Then we investigate some properties of effect modules, and we present some examples on them. ...

A modified subformula property for the modal logic KD with the additionalaxiom □ ◊(A ∨ B) ⊃ □ ◊ A ∨ □ ◊B is shown. A new modification of the notion of subformula is proposed for this purpose. This modification forms a ...

In this paper, we introduce and study a corresponding logic to equality-algebras and obtain some basic properties of this logic. We prove the soundness and completeness of this logic based on equality-algebras and local ...

We investigate the relationship between M. De's empirical negation in Kripke and Beth Semantics. It turns out empirical negation, as well as co-negation, corresponds to different logics under different semantics. We then ...