Polityka handlowa w gospodarce kapitalistycznej

Abstract

The article discusses the evolution of trade policy in the capitalist economy of the post-war period. The presentation of this evolution in preceded by presentation of the main arguments of supporters of free trade and protectionism. Liberal and protectionist doctrines have been competing for a long time and they were winning recognition in turn in different countries depending upon the economic situation. In the post-war period we have been witnessing, as a rule, a strong trend towards liberalization of the world trade promoted by efforts of such organizations as GATT and the UNCTAD. Among others, as a result of endeavours of these organizations there appeared a modified doctrine of free trade called neoliberalism. Economic recession of 1974—1975 stopped this trend and today we can observe a return to protectionist policy.