Modele z indukowanym postępem technicznym

Abstract

Problem of endogenuity of technical progress — so seemingly obvious — has not been discussed hitherto in any more comprehensive manner in the economic literature concerning the economic growth theory. The reason for this can be found, which is quite clear, not in banality of the subject but in its extreme difficulty. That is due to the fact that technical progress constitutes a sequence of proces ses quite different in their nature: creation of technical knowledge, implanting of this knowledge in the material production sphere and its generation of results in this sphere. Each of the se processes separately represents a very complex phenomenon, which-while affecting the material production sphere-is simultaneous ly dependent upon it being determined by dynamics of this sphere and principles of its functioning. Thus, il is no wopder that so far the economic growth theory lias been enriched by only fragmentary analysis of the problem of endogenuity of technical progress. It includes among others the models of economic growth with induced technical progress. They analyze in detail only one of the above mentioned three aspects of technical progress — induction of innovations or, otherwise, stimulation of the process of absorption of new technical thought by the economy (sphere of material production) while the very process of its crcation is treated as an exogenous one by them. In this category of growth models there exist three basis approaches on which all others are based. These are Arrow's, Kaldor's and Kennedy's models. The article is an attempt at presentation of the last two models the special significance of which consists in negation of the need (and justification) of, treatment of the orthodox function of production as a basis for analysis. Instead of that both authors introduce completely new concepts: the technical progress function (Kaldor) and the innovation possibilities function (Kennedy). The article deals with analysis of both these concepts without discussion of growth models constructed on their basis.