Mapping the Shadow Economy: Spatial Variations in the use of High Denomination Bank Notes in Brussels

Dotti, Nicola Francesco; Van Heur, Bas; Williams, Colin C.

dc.contributor.author	Dotti, Nicola Francesco	en
dc.contributor.author	Van Heur, Bas	en
dc.contributor.author	Williams, Colin C.	en
dc.date.accessioned	2015-08-11T11:35:36Z
dc.date.available	2015-08-11T11:35:36Z
dc.date.issued	2015-06-23	en
dc.identifier.issn	1231-1952	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/11089/11477
dc.description.abstract	The aim of this paper is to map the spatial variations in the size of the shadow economy within Brussels. Reporting data provided by the National Bank of Belgium on the deposit of high denomination banknotes across bank branches in the 19 municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region, the finding is that the shadow economy is concentrated in wealthier populations and not in deprived or immigrant communities. The outcome is a call to transcend the association of the shadow economy with marginalized groups and the wider adoption of this indirect method when measuring spatial variations in the shadow economy.	en
dc.publisher	Lodz Univeristy Press	en
dc.relation.ispartofseries	European Spatial Research and Policy;22	en
dc.rights	This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.	en
dc.rights.uri	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/	en
dc.subject	informal economy	en
dc.subject	undeclared work	en
dc.subject	cash deposits	en
dc.subject	Brussels	en
dc.title	Mapping the Shadow Economy: Spatial Variations in the use of High Denomination Bank Notes in Brussels	en
dc.page.number	5-21	en
dc.contributor.authorAffiliation	Dotti, Nicola Francesco - Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Faculty of Sciences, Cosmopolis, Department of Geography, Pleinlaan 2, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium	en
dc.contributor.authorAffiliation	Van Heur, Bas - Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Faculty of Sciences, Cosmopolis, Department of Geography, Pleinlaan 2, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium	en
dc.contributor.authorAffiliation	Williams, Colin C. - Sheffield University Management School, University of Sheffield, Conduit Road, Sheffield S10 1FL, United Kingdom,	en
dc.identifier.eissn	1896-1525
dc.references	AHMAD, A. N. (2008), ‘Dead Men Working: Time and Space in London’s (“Illegal”) Migrant Economy’, Work, Employment and Society, 22 (2), pp. 301-318.	en
dc.references	BARTHE, M-A. (1985), ‘Chomage, travail au noir et entraide familial’, Consommation, 3, pp. 23-42.	en
dc.references	BARTLETT, B. (1998), ‘The Underground Economy’, National Center for Policy Analysis, http//:www.ncpa.org/ba/ba273.html (9.06.2010).	en
dc.references	BUEHN, A. and SCHNEIDER, F. (2012), ‘Shadow Economies around the World: Novel Insights, Accepted Knowledge and New Estimates’, International Tax and Public Finance, 19, pp. 139-171. doi: 10.1007/s10797-011-9187-7	en
dc.references	CARTER, M. (1984), ‘Issues in the Hidden Economy: A Survey’, Economic Record, 60 (170), pp. 209-221. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4932.1984.tb00856.x	en
dc.references	CASTREE, N., COE, N. M., WARD, K. and SAMERS, M. (2004), Spaces of Work: Global Capitalism and the Geographies of Labour, London: Sage.	en
dc.references	CORNUEL, D. and DURIEZ, B. (1985), ‘Local Exchange and State Intervention’, [in:] REDCLIFT, N. and MINGIONE, E. (eds.), Beyond Employment: Household, Gender and Subsistence, Oxford: Basil Blackwell.	en
dc.references	EUROPEAN COMMISSION (1998), Communication of the Commission on Undeclared Work, http://europa.eu.int/comm/employment_social/empl_esf/docs/com98-219_en.pdf (12.04.2007).	en
dc.references	EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2007a), ‘Stepping up the Fight against Undeclared Work’, COM (2007) 628 final, Brussels.	en
dc.references	EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2007b), Special Eurobarometer 284: Undeclared Work in the European Union, Brussels.	en
dc.references	EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2014), Economic and Social Developments in Europe 2013, Brussels.	en
dc.references	EVASON, E. and WOODS, R. (1995), ‘Poverty, Deregulation of the Labour Market and Benefit Fraud’, Social Policy and Administration, 29 (1), pp. 40-55.	en
dc.references	FEIGE, E. L. (2012), ‘The Myth of the “Cashless Society”? How Much of America’s Currency Is Overseas’, http://www.bundesbank.de/Redaktion/EN/Downloads/Core_business_areas/Cash_management/conferences/2012/2012_02_27_eltville_03_feige_paper.pdf?__blob=publication File (20.12.2012).	en
dc.references	FLAMING, D., HAYDAMACK, B. and JOASSART, P. (2005), Hopeful Workers, Marginal Jobs: LA’s Off-the-Books Labor Force, Los Angeles: Economic Roundtable.	en
dc.references	FORTIN, B., GARNEAU, G., LACROIX, G., LEMIEUX, T. and MONTMARQUETTE, C. (1996), L’économie souterraine au Québec: mythes et réalités, Laval: Presses de l’Université Laval.	en
dc.references	FREUD, D. (1979), ‘A Guide to Underground Economics’, Financial Times, 9 April, p. 16.	en
dc.references	FRIEDMAN, E., JOHNSON, S., KAUFMANN, D. and ZOIDO, P. (2000), ‘Dodging the Grabbing Hand: The Determinants of Unofficial Activity in 69 Countries’, Journal of Public Economics, 76 (3), pp. 459-493. doi: 10.1016/S0047-2727(99)00093-6	en
dc.references	GHK and FONDAZIONE BRODOLINI (2009), Study on Indirect Measurement Methods for Undeclared Work in the EU, Brussels: European Commission.	en
dc.references	GUTMANN, P. M. (1977), ‘The Subterranean Economy’, Financial Analysts Journal, 34 (11), pp. 26-27. doi: 10.2469/faj.v33.n6.26	en
dc.references	GUTMANN, P. M. (1978), ‘Are the Unemployed, Unemployed?’, Financial Analysts Journal, 34(1), pp. 26-29. doi: 10.2469/faj.v34.n5.26	en
dc.references	HART, K. (1973), ‘Informal Income Opportunities and Urban Employment in Ghana’, Journal of Modern African Studies, 11 (1), pp. 61-89. doi: 10.1017/S0022278X00008089	en
dc.references	HELLBERGER, C. and SCHWARZE, J. (1986), Umfang und struktur der nebenerwerbstatigkeit in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Berlin: Mitteilungen aus der Arbeits-market- und Berufsforschung.	en
dc.references	HENRY, J. (1976), ‘Calling in the Big Bills’, Washington Monthly, 5, 6.	en
dc.references	INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE (ILO), (2002), Decent Work and the Informal Economy, Geneva: International Labour Office.	en
dc.references	KATUNGI, D., NEALE, E. and BARBOUR, A. (2006), People in Low-Paid Informal Work, York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.	en
dc.references	KESTELOOT, C. and MEERT, H. (1999), ‘Informal Spaces: The Geography of Informal Economic Activities in Brussels’, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 23 (2), pp. 232-251. doi: 10.1111/1468-2427.00193	en
dc.references	LEYSHON, A. and THRIFT, N. (1995), ‘Geographies of Financial Exclusion: Financial Abandonment in Britain and the United States’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 1 (1), pp. 312-341. doi: 10.2307/622654	en
dc.references	MATTHEWS, K. (1982), ‘The Demand for Currency and the Black Economy in the UK’, Journal of Economic Studies, 9 (2), pp. 3-22. doi: 10.1108/eb002537	en
dc.references	MERIKÜLL, J. and STAEHR, K. (2010), ‘Unreported Employment and Envelope Wages in Mid-Transition: Comparing Developments and Causes in the Baltic Countries’, Comparative Economic Studies, 52, pp. 637-670. doi: 10.1057/ces.2010.17	en
dc.references	MINGIONE, E. and MORLICCHIO, E. (1993), ‘New Forms of Urban Poverty in Italy: Risk Path Models in the North and South’, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 17(3), pp. 413-427. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.1993.tb00230.x	en
dc.references	OECD, (2002), Measuring the Non-Observed Economy, Paris.	en
dc.references	OECD, (2012), Reducing Opportunities for Tax Non-Compliance in the Underground Economy, Paris.	en
dc.references	ONOSHCHENKO, O. and WILLIAMS, C. C. (2013), ‘Paying for Favours: Evaluating the Role of Blat in Post-Soviet Ukraine, Debate’, Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe, 21 (2-3), pp. 259-277.	en
dc.references	PAGLIN, M. (1994), ‘The Underground Economy: New Estimates from Household Income and Expenditure Surveys’, The Yale Law Journal, 103 (8), pp. 2239-2257. doi: 10.2307/797046	en
dc.references	PAVLOVSKAYA, M. (2004), ‘Other Transitions: Multiple Economies of Moscow Households in the 1990s’, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 94, pp. 329-351.	en
dc.references	PESTIEAU, P. (1985), ‘Belgium’s Irregular Economy’, [in:] GAERTNER, W. and WENIG, A. (eds), The Economics of the Shadow Economy, Berlin: Springer Verlag.	en
dc.references	RAM, M. and WILLIAMS, C. C. (2008), ‘Making Visible the Hidden: Researching Off-the-Books Work’, [in:] BUCHANAN, D. and BRYSON, A. (eds.), Handbook of Organizational Research Methods, London: Sage.	en
dc.references	SCHNEIDER, F. (2005), ‘Shadow Economy around the World: What Do We Really Know?’, European Journal of Political Economy, 21 (2), pp. 598-642. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2004.10.002	en
dc.references	SCHNEIDER, F. and WILLIAMS, C. C. (2013), The Shadow Economy, London: Institute of Economic Affairs.	en
dc.references	TANZI, V. (1980), ‘The Underground Economy in the United States: Estimates and Implications’, Banco Nazionale del Lavoro, 135, pp. 427-453.	en
dc.references	VAN GEUNS, R., MEVISSEN, J. and RENOOY, P. (1987), ‘The Spatial and Sectoral Diversity of the Informal Economy’, Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 78 (5), pp. 389-398. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9663.1987.tb01859.x	en
dc.references	WILLIAMS, C. C. (2004), Cash-in-Hand Work: The Underground Sector and the Hidden Economy of Favours, Haunddemills and Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan Basingstoke.	en
dc.references	WILLIAMS, C. C. (2009a), ‘Evaluating the Extent and Nature of Envelope Wages in the European Union: A Geographical Analysis’, European Spatial Research and Policy, 16 (1), pp. 115-129.	en
dc.references	WILLIAMS, C. C. (2009b), ‘Formal and Informal Employment in Europe: Beyond Dualistic Representations’, European Urban and Regional Studies, 16 (2), pp. 147-159. doi: 10.1177/0969776408101686	en
dc.references	WILLIAMS, C. C. (2013), ‘Evaluating Cross-National Variations in the Extent and Nature of Informal Employment in the European Union’, Industrial Relations Journal, 44 (5-6), pp. 479-494. doi: 10.1111/irj.12030	en
dc.references	WILLIAMS, C. C. and LANSKY, M. (2013), ‘Informal Employment in Developed and Emerging Economies: Perspectives and Policy Responses’, International Labour Review, 152 (3-4), pp. 355-380. doi: 10.1111/j.1564-913X.2013.00196.x	en
dc.references	WILLIAMS, C. C. and PADMORE, J. (2013a), ‘Envelope Wages in the European Union’, International Labour Review, 152 (3-4), pp. 411-430. doi: 10.1111/j.1564-913X.2013.00186.x	en
dc.references	WILLIAMS, C. C. and PADMORE, J. (2013b), ‘Evaluating the Prevalence and Distribution of Quasi- Formal Employment in Europe’, Relations Industrielles/Industrial Relations, 68 (1), pp. 1-95.	en
dc.references	WILLIAMS, C. C. and WINDEBANK, J. (1994), ‘Spatial Variations in the Informal Sector: A Review of Evidence from the European Union’, Regional Studies, 28 (8), pp. 819-825. doi: 10.1080/00343409412331348716	en
dc.references	WILLIAMS, C. C. and WINDEBANK, J. (1995), ‘The Implications for the Informal Sector of European Union Integration’, European Spatial Research and Policy, 2 (1), pp. 17-34.	en
dc.references	WILLIAMS, C. C., ROUND, J. and RODGERS, P. (2013), The Role of Informal Economies in the Post-Soviet World: the End of Transition?, London: Routledge.	en
dc.contributor.authorEmail	Dotti, Nicola Francesco - Nicola.Dotti@vub.ac.be	en
dc.contributor.authorEmail	Van Heur, Bas - bvheur@vub.ac.be	en
dc.contributor.authorEmail	Williams, Colin C. - C.C.Williams@sheffield.ac.uk	en
dc.identifier.doi	10.1515/esrp-2015-0014	en

Pliki tej pozycji

Nazwa:: esrp-2015-0014.pdf
Rozmiar:: 1.614MB
Format:: PDF

Oglądaj/Otwórz

Pozycja umieszczona jest w następujących kolekcjach

European Spatial Research and Policy Volume 22 (2015) Issue 1 [9]

Pokaż uproszczony rekord

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.

Poza zaznaczonymi wyjątkami, licencja tej pozycji opisana jest jako This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License.