| dc.description.abstract | Podlasie at the second half of 19th century has been a territory undeveloped, land of back
warded agriculture, traditional three-field system of cultivation and lack of visible enterprises of
food processing. Trade and credit services were in Jewish hands. The usury was an intense
calamity all groups of society. The great national tragedy – collapse of the January insurrection of
1863 and the enfranchisement of peasants done by the tsar authority consolidated the feeling of
hopelessness, very difficult to overcome. Under the influence of Positivism ideas ad propaganda of
everyday work for developing the civilization level of the country, in the circle of aristocracy and
intelligentsia we can observe the firth proofs of modernization of nobles’ manors, better agriculture, beginning of new crow cultures, horticulture, plantations of sugar beet roots, willows and
potatoes, using of modern agricultural tools. The landlords and middle manors’ owners, also
tenants had invested into melioration of lands, developing of apiculture and honey – processing,
cattle and poultry breeding, also fishery farming. It had appeared early establishing of food
processing enterprises such as sugar-works, oil mills, ponds.
The Agricultural Society in the province of Siedlce, established by prince Władysław
Światopełk-Czetwertyński, had taken the big role in cultivation of civilization progress on
Podlasie. The Society propagated establishing agricultural circles, usually provided by landlords,
jointed landlords and peasants in common work on developing the country and promoting the
agricultural education. Agricultural circles promoted also common, co-operative economic
activity, such as agricultural shops, saving and credit, chaises, dairy. There were the first step into
taking their matters in their hands, building social links and the origin of new the Polish citizen’s
society. | pl_PL |
