Music has accompanied every-day life of Polish society for many centuries. Before Christianity came to Poland, music had often appeared on the occasion of some pagan rites, holidays connected with the cycle of nature or ...

In the regional „Pabianiciana” journal, vol. 3, my article concerned with the question mentioned above has appeared. In the text some deletions have been made without my approval or acknowledgement. In the typescript to ...

In the second half of the thirteenth century, in the Spanish South appeared a very particular organism, Islamic and very Andalusian. The birth of the emirate of Granada in 1246 was an result of the policy of Castile in ...

Mr Adam Małachowski (about 1706-1767) is a characteristic representative of Saxonic period. He was an active member of Seym, advocate of liberum veto and wanted to preserve the rights and privileges of noblemen. Also, ...

Registers of the mercenary infantry give many information about types of weapon and its quality. In Warsaw archive we have rolls from 1471, 1477 and 1496-1500 with information about 7000 mercenaries. In rolls we meet ...

The papal appeals reached Poland in all important matters connected with events or plans related to the Holy Land. The first call for taking part in the crusade to Jerusalem was dated from 1095. The next appeals went ...

This article is devoted to accusations towards emperor Phocas which can be found in Byzantine sources and in professional literature. For the Byzantines Phocas became an archetype of a ruler-tyrant. Phocas was accused ...

The Seym from 1778 was the first one to control the executive powers whose function was redefined as a result of reforms from the years 1764-1776. Excercising control over the Lithuanian Treasury Board was also important ...

The Church, which since the time of Constantine the Great had participated in the political life of the Empire, clashed continually with institutions of the state. That is why a political accusations also appeared ...