Mechanizmy analogii słowotwórczej (na materiale czasowników)

Abstract

The author discusses the word-formative processes, as a result of which the lexical rangę of the Polish language is being extended. The examples used are the latest Polish verbs which have recently appeared in mass-media - in the press and in the radio and TV programmes e.g. dowartościować, odlodzić, przepolitycznić, ukoszernić, ukoście/nić, zadekretować, zniesmaczyć etc A common feature of these verbs is the way of formation - verbalization o f two- or multi-word phrases involving at least two word-formative operations whose formal exponent is a prefix together with a suffix, and, if necessary, the rellexive pronoun „się” functioning as a word-formative morpheme. The formative present in these verbs consists of at least two word-formative morphemes divided by a base - hence the author calls it a divided formative In such derivations suffix verbalizes the noun, and the meaning of the new verb is provided by prefix, which occurs in the model verb forming a part of word-formative paraphrase e g dodać wartości (to add value) = dowartościować, odczyścić pas startowy z lodu (ta elear the runway of ice) = odlodzić, uznać wódkę za koszerną (to consider vodka as kosher) = ukoszernić zagwarantować/zapewnić dekretem (to guarantee with a decree) = zadekretować. In many cases there is - on the one hand - something that might be called automatic duplication of the model verb, and - on the other hand - a mechanism of word-formative analogy, as a resuit of which a whole series of new derivatives is created, e.g. the verb odlodzić is cońnected with the verbs odczyścić, odśnieżyć, odwodnić, odgruzować, etc.; the verb przepolitycznić is connected with such derivatives as przepełnić, przeludnić, przejaskrawić, etc.; the verb ukościelnić is connected with such verbs as upaństwowić, uspołecznić, upowszechnić, and others. Some new verbs could have been formed also as a result of exchange derivation of the prefix, often on the basis of the formation of antonymic form, e.g. zawojować (to conquer) - odwojować (to reconquer), zadłużyć (to involve in debt) - oddłużyć (to pay debt), odciążyć (to relieve of burden) - dociążyć (to increase burden). This point cannot be unequivocally decided in the cases which involve the presence of word-formative paraphrase containing a verb with the same prefix.