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dc.contributor.authorMarczewska-Zagdańska, Hanna
dc.date.accessioned2017-09-18T10:18:26Z
dc.date.available2017-09-18T10:18:26Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.identifier.issn0208-6050
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11089/22618
dc.description.abstractThe fate of Americans participating in the Spanish Civil War (2800 soldiers) was presented in the article basing on the method of case study. The Neutrality Act and official law banned departures for Spain, but the American volunteers got there illegally to join the Battallion Lincoln or Battalion Washington, which belonged to the XV International Brigade. It was usually named The Abraham Lincoln Brigade. The group of American volunteers was diversified because of different social status, level of education and national roots. There were commanders ideologically educated in Moscow (R.H. Merriman), Communist instructors (S. Nelson) as well as young people looking for adventures and susceptible to propaganda. There were teachers, artists, journalists (J.Ph. Lardner), writers (Ph.L. Detro) actors (A. Bessie), farmers, workers (D.M. Reiss) and unemployed. There were the White Men and Afroamericans (O. Law), men and women, American citizens of Slavic (M. Markovics) and Jewish origin (M. Wolff). Pilots (A. Baumler, F. Tinker, J. Allison) formed another group among the volunteers as well as doctors and nurses. In Spain, after inadequate training they were immediately sent to the front, where many people were shot (800 died), or wounded, or taken prisoners or deserted (Ph. Crane, B. Abramofsky). The ones who survived, were brought back home with minimal assistance of the F.D. Roosevelt administration. Their post-war lifes were also complex and dramatic beause of political circumstances (period of Maccathyism).en_GB
dc.description.abstractW artykule na podstawie jednostkowych przykładów zostały przedstawione losy Amerykanów biorących udział w wojnie domowej w Hiszpanii (2800 żołnierzy) po stronie republikanów. Wbrew amerykańskiej ustawie o neutralności i oficjalnym zakazom amerykańscy ochotnicy nielegalnie, różnymi kanałami przerzutowymi, przedostawali się, by zasilić szeregi Batalionu „Abraham Lincoln” i Batalionu „George Washington”, wchodzących w skład XV Brygady Międzynarodowej, zwanej potocznie Brygadą Abrahama Lincolna. Grupa ochotników amerykańskich była zróżnicowana zarówno pod względem statusu społecznego, wykształcenia, jak i pochodzenia narodowego, tzn. korzeni narodowych. Wśród nich byli zarówno zaangażowani, ideowo wyszkoleni w Moskwie dowódcy (R.H. Merriman) czy komunistyczni instruktorzy (S. Nelson), jak i młodzi ludzie, żądni przygód, podatni na propagandę. Byli nauczyciele, artyści, dziennikarze (J.Ph. Lardner), pisarze (Ph.L. Detro), aktorzy (A. Bessie), a także farmerzy, robotnicy (D.M. Reiss) i bezrobotni. Byli biali i Afroamerykanie (O. Law), mężczyźni i kobiety, Słowianie w pierwszym pokoleniu (M. Markovics) i obywatele USA pochodzenia żydowskiego (M. Wolff). Odrębną, specyficzną grupę stanowili piloci (A. Baumler, F. Tinker, J. Allison) oraz lekarze i pielęgniarki. W Hiszpanii, po krótkim, zupełnie niewystarczającym treningu, otrzymywali rozkaz do wyjścia na front, gdzie ginęli (800 zabitych), odnosili rany, dostawali się do niewoli, a nawet dezerterowali (Ph. Crane, B. Abramofsky). Ci, którym udało się przeżyć, w chwili zakończenia działań wojennych powracali do USA z minimalną pomocą administracji F.D. Roosevelta. Ich dalsze losy były nie mniej złożone i dramatyczne, uwarunkowane politycznie (okres maccartyzmu).pl_PL
dc.language.isoplpl_PL
dc.publisherWydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiegopl_PL
dc.relation.ispartofseriesActa Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica;97
dc.subjectCivil War in Spain 1936–1939en_GB
dc.subjectThe USA Neutrality Actsen_GB
dc.subjectXV International Brigadeen_GB
dc.subjectwojna domowa w Hiszpanii 1936–1938pl_PL
dc.subjectStany Zjednoczone – ustawy o neutralnościpl_PL
dc.subjectXV Brygada Międzynarodowapl_PL
dc.titleAmerykanie w wojnie domowej w Hiszpanii (1936–1938)pl_PL
dc.title.alternativeAmericans in Spanish Civil War (1936–1938)en_GB
dc.typeArticlepl_PL
dc.rights.holder© Copyright by Authors, Łódź 2016; © Copyright for this edition by Uniwersytet Łódzki, Łódź 2016pl_PL
dc.page.number[87]-106
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationPolska Akademia Nauk w Warszawie, Instytut Historii, Zakład Historii Europy Wschodniej i Studiów nad Imperiami XIX i XX wieku
dc.identifier.eissn2450-6990
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dc.contributor.authorEmailhmarczewska@ihpan.edu.pl
dc.identifier.doi10.18778/0208-6050.97.05


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