Pokaż uproszczony rekord

dc.contributor.authorAl-Nasarat, Mohammed
dc.date.accessioned2019-02-26T13:28:06Z
dc.date.available2019-02-26T13:28:06Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.identifier.issn2084-140X
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11089/26905
dc.description.abstractThe aim of this paper is to shed some light on the period of Petra’s passage from paganism to Christianity, which saw the deterioration of pagan beliefs and the struggle for survival between paganism and Christianity. The recognition of Christianity as the official religion of the Byzantine Empire in 313 AD did not mean that paganism had disappeared from Petra. In fact, most of the Nabataean temples in the city remained open until the second half of the 4th century AD, when the city was hit by the earthquake of 363. It was this event that had the greatest impact on the abandoning of the city’s temples, such as the Temple of the Winged Lions, the Temple of Qasr el-Bent and the Great Temple. The historical and archaeological evidence confirms the construction of a numer of churches in Petra, which received considerable attention from the Christian clergy and the administration of the city during the 5th and 6th centuries AD.en_GB
dc.description.sponsorshipPublication of English-language versions of the volumes of the yearly Studia Ceranea financed through contract no. 501/1/P-DUN/2017 from the funds of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education devoted to the promotion of scholarship.en_GB
dc.language.isoenen_GB
dc.publisherWydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiegoen_GB
dc.relation.ispartofseriesStudia Ceranea;8
dc.rightsThis work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.en_GB
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0en_GB
dc.subjectChurchen_GB
dc.subjectChristianityen_GB
dc.subjectpaganismen_GB
dc.subjectPetraen_GB
dc.subjectByzantineen_GB
dc.subjectreligionen_GB
dc.subjectSouthern Jordanen_GB
dc.titleFrom Paganism to Christianity. General Remarks on the Religious Changes in Petra (1st–6th Cent. AD)en_GB
dc.typeArticleen_GB
dc.page.number209-236
dc.contributor.authorAffiliationAl-Hussein Bin Talal University, Department of History, Ma’an, P.O. Box (20), Jordan
dc.identifier.eissn2449-8378
dc.referencesEusebius’ Life of Constantine, trans. et ed. A. Cameron, S. Hall, Oxford 1999 [= Clarendon Ancient History Series].en_GB
dc.referencesDas Onomastikon der biblischen Ortsnamen, ed. E. Klostermann, Hildesheim 1966.en_GB
dc.referencesThe Panarion of Epiphanius of Salamis. Books II and III, De fide, trans. F. Williams, 2Leiden–Boston 2013 [= Nag Hammadi and Manichaean Studies, 79].en_GB
dc.referencesSozomenus, Church History from AD 323–425, trans. C.D. Hartranft, [in:] Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of Christian Church II, vol. II, ed. P. Schaff, H. Wace, New York 1890, p. 179–454.en_GB
dc.referencesStrabo, Geography, trans. H.L. Jones, London 1932 [= Loeb Classical Library, 49].en_GB
dc.referencesTheodoret, Kirchengeschichte, ed. L. Parmentier, Berlin 1954 [= Die griechischen christlichen Schriftsteller der ersten drei Jahrhunderte, 44].en_GB
dc.referencesAlpass P., The Religious Life of Nabataea, Leiden–Boston 2013 [= Religions in the Graeco-Roman World, 175].en_GB
dc.referencesArjava A., Buchholz M., Gagos T., Kaimio M., The Petra Papyri IV, Amman 2011.en_GB
dc.referencesAvner U., Nabataean Standing Stones and Their Interpretation, “ARAM Periodical” 11–12, 1999–2000, p. 97–122.en_GB
dc.referencesBailey R.A., The Structure of Paul’s Letters, 2010, www.inthebeginning.org/structure/complete.pdf [8 X 2018].en_GB
dc.referencesBar D., The Christianisation of Rural Palestine during Late Antiquity, “Journal of Ecclesiastical History” 54, 2003, p. 401–421.en_GB
dc.referencesBarnes T.D., Athanasius and Constantius. Theology and Politics in the Constantinian Empire, Cambridge Massachusett 2001.en_GB
dc.referencesBayliss R., Usurping the Urban Image. The Experience of Ritual Topography in Late Antique Cities of the Near East, [in:] TRAC 98. Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference, Leicester 1998, ed. P. Baker, C. Forcey, S. Jundi, R. Witcher, Oxford 1999, p. 59–71.en_GB
dc.referencesBikai P., The Churches of Byzantine Petra, “Near Eastern Archaeology” 65, 2002, p. 271–276.en_GB
dc.referencesBikai P., Petra Church Project, Petra Papyri, “Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan” 40, 1996, p. 487–489.en_GB
dc.referencesBikai P., The Ridge Church at Petra, “Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan” 40, 1996, p. 481–486.en_GB
dc.referencesBikai P., Perry M., Petra North Ridge Tombs 1 and 2. Preliminary Report, “Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research in Jerusalem and Baghdad” 324, 2001, p. 59–78.en_GB
dc.referencesBowersock G., Polytheism and Monotheism in Arabia and the Three Palestines, “Dumbarton Oaks Papers” 51, 1997, p. 1–10.en_GB
dc.referencesBriggs C.W., The Apostle Paul in Arabia, “Biblical World” 41, 1913, p. 255–259.en_GB
dc.referencesBrock S.P., A Letter Attributed to Cyril of Jerusalem on the Rebuilding of the Temple, “Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies” 40, 1977, p. 267–286.en_GB
dc.referencesCaner D., History and Hagiography from the Late Antique Sinai. Including Translations of Pseudo-Nilus’ Narrations, Ammonius’ Report on the Slaughter of the Monks of Sinai and Rhaithou, and Anastasius of Sinai’s Tales of the Sinai Fathers, Liverpool 2010 [= Translated Texts for Historians, 53].en_GB
dc.referencesCoüasnon C., The Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, London 1974.en_GB
dc.referencesDauphin C.M., Jewish and Christian Communities in the Roman and Byzantine Gaulanitis. A Study of Evidence from Archaeological Surveys, “Palestine Exploration Quarterly” 114, 1982, p. 129–142.en_GB
dc.referencesFiema Z., The Byzantine Church at Petra, [in:] Petra Rediscovered. Lost City of the Nabataeans, ed. G. Markoe, New York 2003, p. 239–249.en_GB
dc.referencesFiema Z., Economics, Administration and Demography of Late Roman and Byzantine Southern Transjordan (unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Utah, 1991).en_GB
dc.referencesFiema Z., From the Annexation to Aaron. Petra in Roman and Byzantine Times, [in:] Petra. A City Forgotten and Rediscovered, ed. J. Frösen, Z. Fiema, Helsinki 2002, p. 60–73.en_GB
dc.referencesFiema Z., The Islamic Conquest of Southern Jordan. A New Research Perspective, “Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan” 36, 1992, p. 325–331.en_GB
dc.referencesFiema Z., Late-Antique Petra and Its Hinterland. Recent Research and New Interpretations, [in:] The Roman and Byzantine Near East, vol. III, ed. N. Humphrey, Portsmouth 2002 [= Journal of Roman Archaeology. Supplementary Series, 31], p. 191–252.en_GB
dc.referencesFiema Z., Reinventing the Sacred. From Shrine to Monastery at Jabal Hārūn, “Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies” 42, 2012, p. 27–37.en_GB
dc.referencesFiema Z., Holmgren R., The Byzantine Monastic/Pilgrimage Center of St. Aaron near Petra, [in:] Petra. A City Forgotten and Rediscovered, ed. J. Frösen, Z. Fiema, Helsinki 2002, p. 99–111.en_GB
dc.referencesFiema Z., Schmid S., Nabataean Basileia and the Earthquake of AD 363 at Petra. Some Consideration, “Mediterraneo antico” 17, 2014, p. 419–432.en_GB
dc.referencesFiema Z. et al., The Petra Church, Amman 2001.en_GB
dc.referencesHabas L., Crosses in the Mosaic Floors of Churches in Provincia Arabia and Nearby Territories, Against the Background of the Edict of Theodosius II, “Journal of Mosaic Research” 8, 2015, p. 33–60.en_GB
dc.referencesHammond P.C., The Temple of the Winged Lions, [in:] Petra Rediscovered. Lost City of the Nabataeans, ed. G. Markoe, New York 2003, p. 223–229.en_GB
dc.referencesHarnack A., The Mission and Expansion of Christianity in the First Three Centuries, vol. II, trans. et ed. J. Moffatt, New York 1908.en_GB
dc.referencesHealey J.F., The Religion of the Nabataeans. A Conspectus, Leiden 2001 [= Religions in the Graeco-Roman World, 136].en_GB
dc.referencesHeiska N., The Economy and Livelihoods of the Early Christian Monasteries in Palestine (unpublished M.A thesis, University of Helsinki, 2003).en_GB
dc.referencesHengel M., Paul in Arabia, “Bulletin for Biblical Research” 12, 2002, p. 47–66.en_GB
dc.referencesJoukowsky M., The Great Temple, [in:] Petra Rediscovered. Lost City of the Nabataeans, ed. G. Markoe, New York 2003, p. 214–222.en_GB
dc.referencesLahelma A., Fiema Z., From Goddess to Prophet. 2000 Years of Continuity on the Mountain of Aaron near Petra, Jordan, “Temenos” 44, 2008, p. 191–222.en_GB
dc.referencesMacdonald B., What Happened to the Nabataeans? The Literary and Archaeological Evidence, [in:] Studies on the Nabataean Culture II. Refereed Bulletin of the International Conference on the Nabataean Culture, ed. N.I. Khairy et al., Amman 2016, p. 177–196.en_GB
dc.referencesMcKenzie J., Iconoclasm in Petra and the Other Nabataean Sites, [in:] Studies on the Nabataean Culture I. Refereed Proceedings of the International Conference on the Nabataean Culture, ed. N.I. Khairy, T.M. Weber, Amman 2013, p. 1–27.en_GB
dc.referencesMeimaris Y., Chronological Systems in Roman-Byzantine Palestine and Arabia. The Evidence of the Dated Greek Inscriptions, Athens 1992.en_GB
dc.referencesMeimaris Y., Kritikakou-Nikolaropoulou K., Inscriptions from Palaestina Tertia. The Greek Inscriptions from Ghor es-Safi (Byzantine Zoom), Athens 2005.en_GB
dc.referencesMurray M., Religion and the Nomadic Lifestyle. The Nabateans, [in:] Travel and Religion in Antiquity, ed. P.A. Harland, Waterloo Ontario 2001, p. 215–234 [= Studies in Christianity and Judaism, 21].en_GB
dc.referencesNegev A., The Chronology of the Middle Nabatean Period, “Palestine Exploration Quarterly” 101, 1969, p. 5–14.en_GB
dc.referencesParadise T.R., The Great Flood of Petra. Evidence for a 4th–5th AD Century Catastrophic Flood, “Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan” 56, 2012, p. 143–158.en_GB
dc.referencesParker T.S., An Empire’s New Holy Land. The Byzantine Period, “Near Eastern Archaeology” 62, 1999, p. 134–180.en_GB
dc.referencesPerry M., Life and Death in Nabataea. The North Ridge Tombs and Nabataean Burial Practices, “Near Eastern Archaeology” 65, 2002, p. 265–270.en_GB
dc.referencesPeterman G., Schick R., The Monastery of Saint Aaron, “Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan” 40, 1996, p. 473–480.en_GB
dc.referencesPolitis K.D., Nabataean Cultural Continuity into the Byzantine Period, [in:] The World of the Nabataeans. Volume 2 of the International Conference The World of the Herods and the Nabataeans held at the British Museum, 17–19 April 2001, ed. K.D. Politis, London 2007, p. 187–200.en_GB
dc.referencesRoche M.-J., A Nabataean shrine to Isis in Wādī Abū ʿUllayqah, in the South-West of Petra, “Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies” 42, 2012, p. 55–71.en_GB
dc.referencesRussell K.W., The Earthquake of May 19, AD 363, “Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research in Jerusalem and Baghdad” 238, 1980, p. 47–64.en_GB
dc.referencesAl-Salameen Z., Introduction to History and Civilization of Petra, Amman 2010.en_GB
dc.referencesAl-Salameen Z., RQM = (Raqeem) in Historical and Epigraphic Sources, “Journal of the Saudi Historical Society” 31, 2015, p. 7–35.en_GB
dc.referencesSaradi H., The Christianization of Pagan Temples in the Greek Hagiographical Texts, [in:] From Temple to Church. Destruction and Renewal of Local Cultic Topography in Late Antiquity, ed. J. Hahn, S. Emmel, U. Gotter, Leiden 2008 [= Religions in the Graeco-Roman World, 163], p. 113–134.en_GB
dc.referencesSaradi-Mendelovici H., Christian Attitudes toward Pagan Monuments in Late Antiquity and Their Legacy in Later Byzantine Centuries, “Dumbarton Oaks Papers” 44, 1990, p. 47–61.en_GB
dc.referencesSchick R., Christianity at Humayma, Jordan, “Studium biblicum franciscanum: Liber annuus” 45, 1995, p. 319–342.en_GB
dc.referencesSchmitt-Korte K., An Early Christian Record of the Nabataeans. The Maslam Inscription (ca. 350 AD), “ARAM Periodical” 2, 1990, p. 123–142.en_GB
dc.referencesShahid I., Byzantium and the Arabs in the Fourth Century, Washington 1984.en_GB
dc.referencesSmith R., Arabia, [in:] The Anchor Bible Dictionary, vol. I, ed. D. Freedman, New York–London 1992.en_GB
dc.referencesTabbernee W., Early Christianity in Contexts. An Exploration across Cultures and Continents, Grand Rapids 2014.en_GB
dc.referencesTaylor J., Petra and the Lost Kingdom of the Nabataeans, Cambridge 2012.en_GB
dc.referencesTeixidor J., The Pagan God. Popular Religion in the Greco-Roman Near East, Princeton 1977.en_GB
dc.referencesVries de B., Between the Cults of Syria and Arabia. Traces of Pagan Religion at Umm al-Jimal, “Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan” 10, 2009, p. 177–191.en_GB
dc.referencesWard W.D., From Provincia Arabia to Palaestina Tertia. The Impact of Geography, Economy, and Religion on Sedentary and Nomadic Communities in the Later Roman Province of Third Palestine (unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, 2008).en_GB
dc.referencesWard W.D., The 363 Earthquake and the End of Public Paganism in the Southern Transjordan, “Journal of Late Antiquity” 9, 2016, p. 132–170.en_GB
dc.referencesWenning R., The Betyls of Petra, “Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research in Jerusalem and Baghdad” 324, 2001, p. 79–95.en_GB
dc.referencesWenning R., North Arabian Deities and the Deities of Petra. An Approach to the Origins of the Nabataeans, [in:] Men on the Rock. The Formation of Nabataean Petra, ed. S.G. Schmid, M. Mouton, Berlin 2013, p. 335–342.en_GB
dc.referencesZayadine F., The Nabataean Gods and Their Sanctuaries, [in:] Petra Rediscovered. Lost City of the Nabataeans, ed. G. Markoe, New York 2003, p. 57–64.en_GB
dc.referencesZayadine F., Recent Excavations and Restoration at Qasr el Bint of Petra, “Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan” 29, 1985, p. 239–250.en_GB
dc.referencesZayadine F., Farajat S., Excavation and Clearance at Petra and Beida, “Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan” 35, 1991, p. 275–311.en_GB
dc.contributor.authorEmailminasarat@gmail.com
dc.identifier.doi10.18778/2084-140X.08.12


Pliki tej pozycji

Thumbnail

Pozycja umieszczona jest w następujących kolekcjach

Pokaż uproszczony rekord

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.
Poza zaznaczonymi wyjątkami, licencja tej pozycji opisana jest jako This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.