Streszczenie
Modulation is a process which involves changing the informative parameters of the
source language word. The concrete manifestation of this transformation is the act of
replacing the source language words with equivalents unrelated to the systematic regularities
of lexis and as such they might a) have relevance to these regularities, i.e. the
equivalent exhibits a semantic or associative link with the source language word, or b)
not have relevance to these regularities, i.e. the equivalent does not exhibit a semantic or
associative link with the source language word, but its use is justified by extralinguistic
factors (e.g. logical reasoning or a concrete situation).